Zirconium-Redox-Shuttled Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Halides.

Zirconium-Redox-Shuttled Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Halides.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.chempr.2021.06.007
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发表时间:
2021-07-08
期刊:
影响因子:
23.5
通讯作者:
Ye B
Ye B
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wu TF;Zhang YJ;Fu Y;Liu FJ;Tang JT;Liu P;Toste FD;Ye B

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过渡金属催化的交叉亲电偶联反应(XEC)是一种从大量的卤代芳香化合物中形成C(sp2)-C(sp2)键的强有力的工具。虽然通过多金属XEC合成不对称联芳基化合物具有很高的合成价值,但两种杂芳卤化物的选择性XEC仍然是难以捉摸和具有挑战性的。在此,我们报告了一种均相XEC方法,该方法依赖于锆氮丙啶络合物作为双钯催化过程的穿梭剂。锆氮丙啶介导的钯(ZAPd)催化的反应显示出良好的兼容性与各种官能团和各种杂芳族支架。根据雅阁理论的计算结果,提出了氧化加成产物与氮丙啶锆之间的氧化还原-金属间化合物交换是关键的基本步骤。因此,使用单一过渡金属催化剂的交叉偶联选择性由Pd(0)氧化加成到芳族卤化物中的相对速率控制。总的来说,组合还原和过渡金属化剂的概念为过渡金属还原偶联催化的发展提供了机会。杂环化合物在生物活性分子中普遍存在。杂芳族支架的构建主要依赖于经典的交叉偶联反应,仍然具有挑战性。在这里,Ye,Toste和同事描述了这些化合物的互补方法,其使用交叉亲电偶联(XEC),该交叉亲电偶联通过在锆氮丙啶作为芳基穿梭平台的存在下的双钯催化实现。高交叉选择性和官能团相容性突出了该方案的实用性。密度泛函理论和实验研究都支持氧化还原-金属交换是一个关键的基本步骤。
Transition metal-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling (XEC) is a powerful tool for forging C(sp2)-C(sp2) bonds in biaryl molecules from abundant aromatic halides. While syntheses of unsymmetrical biaryl compounds through multimetallic XEC is of high synthetic value, selective XEC of two heteroaromatic halides remains elusive and challenging. Herein we report a homogeneous XEC method which relies on a zirconaaziridine complex as a shuttle for dual palladium catalyzed processes. The zirconaaziridine-mediated palladium (ZAPd) catalyzed reaction shows excellent compatibility with various functional groups and diverse heteroaromatic scaffolds. In accord with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a redox-transmetallation between the oxidative addition product and the zirconaaziridine is proposed as the crucial elementary step. Thus, cross-coupling selectivity using a single transition metal catalyst is controlled by the relative rate of oxidative addition of Pd(0) into the aromatic halide. Overall, the concept of a combined reducing and transmetallating agent offers opportunities for development of transition-metal reductive coupling catalysis. Heterocycles are ubiquitous in bioactive molecules. Construction of heteroaromatic scaffolds, which has mainly relied on classical cross-coupling reactions, remains challenging. Here, Ye, Toste and coworkers describe a complementary approach to these compounds using a cross-electrophile coupling (XEC) enabled by a dual palladium catalysis in the presence of zirconaaziridine as an aryl shuttling platform. High cross selectivity and functional group compatibilities highlights the utility of this protocol. Both DFT and experimental studies support redox-transmetallation as a crucial elementary step.
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