Hypothetical decision making in schizophrenia: the role of expected value computation and "irrational" biases.
Hypothetical decision making in schizophrenia: the role of expected value computation and "irrational" biases.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.psychres.2013.02.034
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发表时间：
2013-09-30
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Gold JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown JK;Waltz JA;Strauss GP;McMahon RP;Frank MJ;Gold JM
本研究旨在探讨预期价值（EV）估计和损失厌恶对精神分裂症（SZ）患者决策缺陷的贡献。诊断为SZ的患者（n=46）和健康对照组（n=34）完成了两项赌博任务。在一项任务中，参与者在两种情况下选择具有相同EV的两个选项：丢失帧和保留帧。第二个任务涉及接受或拒绝赌博，其中收益和损失金额不同，决定每次试验的EV。与对照组相比，SZ患者的“框架效应”有所减弱，因为他们在面对一定的损失时没有表现出增加的赌博倾向。SZ患者也表现出作为EV功能的改变行为的倾向降低。选择跟踪EV的程度与患者和对照组的几项认知测量显着相关。当SZ患者的决定基于预期结果时，他们在风险下表现出与正常行为的明显偏差。这些偏差是双重的：认知缺陷在受损程度较重的患者中阻止了基于价值的糖尿病，而在受损程度较轻的患者中，缺乏在健康人中发现的公认的主观偏见的影响。这些异常可能影响精神分裂症患者的日常糖尿病策略。
The aim of the present study was to examine the contributions to decision making (DM) deficits in schizophrenia (SZ) patients, of expected value (EV) estimation and loss aversion. Patients diagnosed with SZ (n=46) and healthy controls (n=34) completed two gambling tasks. In one task, participants chose between two options with the same EV across two conditions: Loss frames and Keep frames. A second task involved accepting or rejecting gambles, in which gain and loss amounts varied, determining the EV of each trial. SZ patients showed a reduced “framing effect” relative to controls, as they did not show an increased tendency to gamble when faced with a certain loss. SZ patients also showed a reduced tendency to modify behavior as a function of EV. The degree to which choices tracked EV correlated significantly with several cognitive measures in both patients and controls. SZ patients show distinct deviations from normal behavior under risk when their decisions are based on prospective outcomes. These deviations are two-fold: cognitive deficits prevent value-based DM in more-impaired patients, and in less-impaired patients there is a lack of influence from well-established subjective biases found in healthy people. These abnormalities likely affect every-day DM strategies in schizophrenia patients.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
BECHARA, A;TRANEL, D;DAMASIO, AR
通讯作者：
DAMASIO, AR
DOI：
10.1007/s00406-012-0330-y
发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Fond, Guillaume;Bayard, Sophie;Raffard, Stephane
通讯作者：
Raffard, Stephane
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Ehrlich, S.;Yendiki, A.;Holt, D. J.
通讯作者：
Holt, D. J.
DOI：
10.1126/science.1128356
发表时间：
2006-08-04
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
De Martino B;Kumaran D;Seymour B;Dolan RJ
通讯作者：
Dolan RJ
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Andreasen, Nancy C.;Pressler, Marcus;Nopoulos, Peg;Miller, Del;Ho, Beng-Choon
通讯作者：
Ho, Beng-Choon