Striatal ups and downs: their roles in vulnerability to addictions in humans.
Striatal ups and downs: their roles in vulnerability to addictions in humans.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.018
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发表时间：
2013-11
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Vezina, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leyton, Marco;Vezina, Paul
关键词：
成瘾行为的易感性与纹状体功能的增加和减少有关。这两种情况在人类和动物模型中都有报道。然而，这些相反的作用的机制以及它们与成瘾的行为发展和表达相关的方式仍然不清楚。在目前对人类研究的综述中，我们描述了一些可能影响纹状体功能亢进或功能减退的因素，并提出了一个模型，该模型将这些相反的反应对成瘾相关行为表达的影响整合起来。这个模型的核心是成瘾相关线索的存在与否所起的作用，以及它们调节对滥用药物和其他奖励的反应的能力。纹状体功能和激励动机状态的增加，在这些线索的存在和减少，在他们的缺席。这些状态之间的交替可能解释了随着成瘾的发展而逐渐缩小的利益，并指出了治疗中的相关过程。
Susceptibility to addictive behaviors has been related to both increases and decreases in striatal function. Both profiles have been reported in humans as well as in animal models. Yet, the mechanisms underlying these opposing effects and the manner in which they relate to the behavioral development and expression of addiction remain unclear. In the present review of human studies, we describe a number of factors that could influence whether striatal hyper- or hypo-function is observed and propose a model that integrates the influence of these opposite responses on the expression of addiction related behaviors. Central to this model is the role played by the presence versus absence of addiction related cues and their ability to regulate responding to abused drugs and other rewards. Striatal function and incentive motivational states are increased in the presence of these cues and decreased in their absence. Alternations between these states might account for the progressive narrowing of interests as addictions develop and point to relevant processes to target in treatment.
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