A new method to quantify the human visual threshold from melanopsin sensitive ganglion cells.

A new method to quantify the human visual threshold from melanopsin sensitive ganglion cells.
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DOI:
10.3389/fncel.2023.1132230
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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传统的光感受器利用生色团视网膜吸收光,结合一种独特的视蛋白来指定感受器的光谱敏感性。光吸收触发了一系列事件,将光能转化为神经信号,从感受器(视杆细胞和视锥细胞)和外层和中部视网膜双极细胞的分级电位开始,最终在视网膜内无长突细胞和神经节细胞水平上的动作电位。与传统的感光器不同,视网膜内部的神经节细胞(本质上是光敏性视网膜神经节细胞,ipRGC)利用其感光色素黑色素吸收短波蓝光。多个物种的研究表明,ipRGC调节无数的视觉和非视觉功能,包括光携带和昼夜节律、瞳孔光反射、睡眠、警觉性、认知、情绪,甚至有意识的视觉感知。尽管在动物模型和人类中失明,但一些ipRGC功能仍然存在,这是他们对视觉和非视觉功能的多学科控制的例证。在以前的研究中,我们使用选择性的颜色适应(明亮琥珀色视野上的蓝色刺激)来抑制来自视杆、红色和绿色敏感视锥的输入,以识别来自ipRGC的视网膜和皮质反应。在这里,我们使用了一种类似的方法,结合一个过滤器来阻止来自蓝色敏感视锥的输入,以开发一种临床上方便的方法来测量人类ipRGC的全视野、假定的视觉阈值。这一指标可能会扩大我们检测、诊断和监测眼部和神经系统疾病的能力,并提供ipRGC的全球视网膜指标,作为使用基因疗法阻止和/或改善遗传性视网膜疾病视力的研究的潜在结果指标。
Traditional photoreceptors utilize the chromophore retinal to absorb light coupled with a unique opsin protein to specify receptor spectral sensitivity. Light absorption triggers a cascade of events transducing light energy to neural signals beginning with graded potentials in receptors (rods and cones) and bipolar cells in outer and middle retina eventuating in action potentials at the inner retinal amacrine and ganglion cell levels. Unlike traditional photoreceptors, ganglion cells in the inner retina (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, ipRGCs) absorb short wavelength, blue light utilizing their photopigment melanopsin. Assessment across multiple species show that the ipRGCs mediate myriad visual and non-visual functions including photo-entrainment and circadian rhythms, the pupillary light reflex, sleep, alertness, cognition, mood, and even conscious visual perception. Some ipRGC functions can persist despite blindness in animal models and humans exemplifying their multidisciplinary control of visual and non-visual functions. In previous research we used selective chromatic adaptation (blue stimulus on a bright amber field) to suppress input from rods, red and green sensitive cones to identify retinal and cortical responses from ipRGCs. Herein we used a similar approach, coupled with a filter to block input from blue sensitive cones, to develop a clinically expedient method to measure the full-field, putative visual threshold from human ipRGCs. This metric may expand our ability to detect, diagnose and monitor ocular and neurologic disease and provide a global retinal metric of ipRGCs as a potential outcome measure for studies using gene therapy to arrest and/or improve vision in hereditary retinal diseases.
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