New insight into the history of domesticated apple: secondary contribution of the European wild apple to the genome of cultivated varieties.
New insight into the history of domesticated apple: secondary contribution of the European wild apple to the genome of cultivated varieties.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1002703
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Giraud T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cornille A;Gladieux P;Smulders MJ;Roldán-Ruiz I;Laurens F;Le Cam B;Nersesyan A;Clavel J;Olonova M;Feugey L;Gabrielyan I;Zhang XG;Tenaillon MI;Giraud T
苹果是温带地区最常见和文化上重要的水果作物。因此，阐明它的起源和驯化历史是非常有趣的。基于形态、分子和历史证据，中亚野生物种Malus sieversii先前被确定为栽培苹果（Malus domestica）基因组的主要贡献者。其他野生物种在从亚洲到西欧的丝绸之路上的可能贡献仍然是一个有争议的问题，特别是关于欧洲野生苹果的贡献。我们利用微卫星标记和对欧亚大陆5种苹果品种（从中国到西班牙的839种苹果品种）进行的前所未有的大样本研究表明，多个物种对驯化苹果的基因构成做出了贡献。特别是野生欧洲海棠M. sylvestris，是一个主要的次要贡献者。驯化苹果和欧洲海棠之间的双向基因流动导致目前的家蝇与该物种的遗传关系比其中亚祖先西沃西蝇更为密切。我们没有发现苹果驯化瓶颈或无性种群结构的证据，尽管通过嫁接进行无性繁殖。我们表明，驯化苹果的进化发生在很长一段时间内，涉及不止一个野生物种。我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即自交不亲和、寿命长和文化实践（如从开放授粉的种子中选择）促进了野生近缘种的渐近和驯化过程中遗传变异的维持。这种过程的结合可能解释了几种长寿命多年生作物的多样化，产生了不同于一年生物种的驯化模式。苹果，最普遍和最重要的温带水果作物之一，为我们提供了一个独特的机会来研究树木的驯化过程。驯化苹果祖先的数量和身份以及与驯化过程相关的遗传多样性的侵蚀仍然存在争议。中亚野生苹果已被确定为苹果的主要祖先，但从亚洲到西欧的丝绸之路上其他密切相关的物种可能对驯化作物的基因组做出了贡献。利用快速进化的遗传标记对驯化苹果的近期进化史进行推断，我们发现欧洲海棠对驯化苹果的基因组做出了意想不到的巨大贡献。驯化苹果和欧洲海棠之间的双向基因流动导致驯化苹果目前在遗传上更类似于这个次级基因库，而不是其祖先祖先中亚野生苹果。我们发现，驯化苹果经过了很长时间的进化，来自不同地理区域的至少两种野生物种的贡献，没有显著的遗传多样性侵蚀。这种驯化和多样化的过程可能与其他果树相同，并与一年生作物的记录模式形成对比。
The apple is the most common and culturally important fruit crop of temperate areas. The elucidation of its origin and domestication history is therefore of great interest. The wild Central Asian species Malus sieversii has previously been identified as the main contributor to the genome of the cultivated apple (Malus domestica), on the basis of morphological, molecular, and historical evidence. The possible contribution of other wild species present along the Silk Route running from Asia to Western Europe remains a matter of debate, particularly with respect to the contribution of the European wild apple. We used microsatellite markers and an unprecedented large sampling of five Malus species throughout Eurasia (839 accessions from China to Spain) to show that multiple species have contributed to the genetic makeup of domesticated apples. The wild European crabapple M. sylvestris, in particular, was a major secondary contributor. Bidirectional gene flow between the domesticated apple and the European crabapple resulted in the current M. domestica being genetically more closely related to this species than to its Central Asian progenitor, M. sieversii. We found no evidence of a domestication bottleneck or clonal population structure in apples, despite the use of vegetative propagation by grafting. We show that the evolution of domesticated apples occurred over a long time period and involved more than one wild species. Our results support the view that self-incompatibility, a long lifespan, and cultural practices such as selection from open-pollinated seeds have facilitated introgression from wild relatives and the maintenance of genetic variation during domestication. This combination of processes may account for the diversification of several long-lived perennial crops, yielding domestication patterns different from those observed for annual species. The apple, one of the most ubiquitous and culturally important temperate fruit crops, provides us with a unique opportunity to study the process of domestication in trees. The number and identity of the progenitors of the domesticated apple and the erosion of genetic diversity associated with the domestication process remain debated. The Central Asian wild apple has been identified as the main progenitor, but other closely related species along the Silk Route running from Asia to Western Europe may have contributed to the genome of the domesticated crop. Using rapidly evolving genetic markers to make inferences about the recent evolutionary history of the domesticated apple, we found that the European crabapple has made an unexpectedly large contribution to the genome of the domesticated apple. Bidirectional gene flow between the domesticated apple and the European crabapple resulted in the domesticated apple being currently more similar genetically to this secondary genepool than to the ancestral progenitor, the Central Asian wild apple. We found that domesticated apples have evolved over long time scales, with contributions from at least two wild species in different geographic areas, with no significant erosion of genetic diversity. This process of domestication and diversification may be common to other fruit trees and contrasts with the models documented for annual crops.
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影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Cornuet, Jean-Marie;Santos, Filipe;Beaumont, Mark A.;Robert, Christian P.;Marin, Jean-Michel;Balding, David J.;Guillemaud, Thomas;Estoup, Arnaud
通讯作者：
Estoup, Arnaud
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Coart, E.;Van Glabeke, S.;Roldan-Ruiz, I. .
通讯作者：
Roldan-Ruiz, I. .
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Coart, E;Vekemans, X;Roldán-Ruiz, I
通讯作者：
Roldán-Ruiz, I
影响因子：
3
作者：
Cornuet JM;Ravigné V;Estoup A
通讯作者：
Estoup A
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Excoffier, L;Estoup, A;Cornuet, JM
通讯作者：
Cornuet, JM