Modeling collisions in laying hens as a tool to identify causative factors for keel bone fractures and means to reduce their occurrence and severity.
Modeling collisions in laying hens as a tool to identify causative factors for keel bone fractures and means to reduce their occurrence and severity.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0200025
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Tarlton J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Toscano M;Booth F;Richards G;Brown S;Karcher D;Tarlton J
龙骨断裂代表了蛋鸡行业的主要生产力和福利问题，在最近的调查中，在各种商业运营和国家中，超过50%的鸟类在产蛋结束时表现出某种形式的损伤。虽然原因可能是多因素的，并受年龄，饮食，遗传系和其他因素的影响，但与室内家具和谷仓中的同种的高能量碰撞被认为是造成骨折的频率和严重程度的主要原因。目前的研究采用了先前描述的体外冲击试验方案，以量化在广泛的碰撞能量和年龄范围内对龙骨损伤的敏感性。我们还将骨折易感性与可能影响骨骼弹性的骨骼和生理指标联系起来。此外，我们应用冲击测试方案来评估富含omega-3的饮食对改善骨骼健康和降低骨折易感性的益处。我们的研究结果表明，骨折易感性从23周龄开始迅速增加，在49.5周龄达到峰值，此后下降。骨折易感性也随骨的多种自然特征而变化，包括矿物质密度，尽管这种关系的性质取决于是否存在陈旧性骨折。实验骨折的严重程度表现出相当大的变化与碰撞能量和生物力学性能。omega-3增强饮食提供了对骨折的保护作用，尽管仅在相对较低的碰撞能量方面。总之，冲击试验方案提供了一种独特的方法来评估断裂敏感性，并量化可能影响鸟类生物学因素的作用，无论是自然变化的还是通过特定干预改变的。
Keel fractures represent a major productivity and welfare issue for the laying hen industry with greater than 50% of birds in recent surveys across various commercial operations and nations exhibiting some form of damage by end of lay. While the causes are likely multifactorial and influenced by age, diet, genetic line, and other factors, high energy collisions with house furnishings and conspecifics in the barn are believed to be a major contribution to the frequency and severity of factures. The current study applies a previously described ex vivo impact testing protocol to quantify susceptibility to keel bone damage across an extensive range of collision energies and ages. We also link fracture susceptibility with bone and physiological measures likely to influence skeletal resilience. Further, we applied the impact testing protocol to evaluate the benefit of an omega-3 enriched diet to improve bone health and reduce fracture susceptibility. Our results indicated that fracture susceptibility increased rapidly from 23 weeks of age, peaking at 49.5 weeks of age and thereafter decreasing. Fracture susceptibility also varied with multiple natural characteristics of bone, including mineral density, though the nature of that relationship was dependent on whether an old fracture was present. Severity of the experimental fracture demonstrated considerable variation with collision energy and biomechanical properties. An omega-3 enhanced diet provided a protective effect against fractures, though only in terms of collision energies that were relatively low. In conclusion, the impact testing protocol provided a unique means to assess fracture susceptibility and quantify the role of likely influencing bird-level biological factors, both those that vary naturally as well as when altered through specific interventions.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Toscano MJ;Wilkins LJ;Millburn G;Thorpe K;Tarlton JF
通讯作者：
Tarlton JF
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Heerkens, J. L. T.;Delezie, E.;Tuyttens, F. A. M.
通讯作者：
Tuyttens, F. A. M.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Gebhardt-Henrich, S. G.;Toscano, M. J.;Wurbel, H.
通讯作者：
Wurbel, H.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Whitehead, CC
通讯作者：
Whitehead, CC
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Stratmann, Ariane;Froehlich, Ernst Konrad Friederich;Toscano, Michael Jeffrey
通讯作者：
Toscano, Michael Jeffrey