X-chromosome regulation and sex differences in brain anatomy.

X-chromosome regulation and sex differences in brain anatomy.
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X染色体调节和大脑解剖学的性别差异。

DOI:
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.024
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发表时间:
2021-01
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Disteche CM
Disteche CM
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Raznahan A;Disteche CM

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人类在认知和精神病理学方面表现出可再现的性别差异,这可能是由于性腺性类固醇和/或性染色体对区域大脑发育的影响。众所周知,性腺性类固醇在脊椎动物脑的性别分化中起着重要作用,但对性染色体的作用知之甚少。我们的审查集中在这后一个问题,桥接在一起的两个文献,迄今已在很大程度上断开。我们首先考虑“自下而上”的遗传和分子研究集中在性染色体基因的内容和调控。这篇文献提名了特定的性染色体基因,这些基因可以凭借其性别偏见的表达和它们在大脑中的功能来驱动发育性别差异。然后,我们考虑互补的“自上而下”的观点,从磁共振成像研究,映射性和性染色体对局部脑解剖结构的影响,并将这些地图与大脑内的区域基因表达联系起来。通过连接这些自上而下和自下而上的方法,我们强调了X连锁基因在驱动性别偏见的大脑发育中的潜在作用,并概述了该领域未来工作的关键目标。
Humans show reproducible sex-differences in cognition and psychopathology that may be contributed to by influences of gonadal sex-steroids and/or sex-chromosomes on regional brain development. Gonadal sex-steroids are well known to play a major role in sexual differentiation of the vertebrate brain, but far less is known regarding the role of sex-chromosomes. Our review focuses on this latter issue by bridging together two literatures that have to date been largely disconnected. We first consider “bottom-up” genetic and molecular studies focused on sex-chromosome gene content and regulation. This literature nominates specific sex-chromosome genes that could drive developmental sex-differences by virtue of their sex-biased expression and their functions within the brain. We then consider the complementary “top down” view, from magnetic resonance imaging studies that map sex- and sex chromosome effects on regional brain anatomy, and link these maps to regional gene-expression within the brain. By connecting these top-down and bottom-up approaches, we emphasize the potential role of X-linked genes in driving sex-biased brain development and outline key goals for future work in this field.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0969-x
发表时间: 2019-02-28
期刊: NATURE
影响因子: 64.8
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发表时间: 2009-01
影响因子: 7.4
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通讯作者: Chen, Xuqi