What does the "four core genotypes" mouse model tell us about sex differences in the brain and other tissues?
What does the "four core genotypes" mouse model tell us about sex differences in the brain and other tissues?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.11.001
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发表时间：
2009-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Chen, Xuqi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnold, Arthur P.;Chen, Xuqi
关键词：
“四核心基因型”（FCG）模型包括性染色体补体（XX与XY）与动物性腺性别无关的小鼠。四种基因型是XX性腺雄性或雌性，和XY性腺雄性或雌性。该模型允许测量（1）性染色体补体引起的表型差异（XX与XY），（2）卵巢和睾丸分泌物的差异效应，以及（3）（1）和（2）的相互作用。因此，FCG模型提供了新的信息的起源性别差异的表型，还没有从研究中操纵性腺激素水平在正常的XY男性和XX女性。FCG模型的研究揭示了XX与XY在行为（攻击性、养育、习惯形成、伤害感受、社会互动）、基因表达（隔加压素）和对非性腺激素介导的疾病（神经管闭合和自身免疫性疾病）的易感性方面的差异。一些性染色体效应是由X基因剂量的性别差异或其亲本印记介导的。未来的研究将确定相关的基因及其作用机制。
The “four core genotypes” (FCG) model comprises mice in which sex chromosome complement (XX vs. XY) is unrelated to the animal's gonadal sex. The four genotypes are XX gonadal males or females, and XY gonadal males or females. The model allows one to measure (1) the differences in phenotypes caused by sex chromosome complement (XX vs. XY), (2) the differential effects of ovarian and testicular secretions, and (3) the interactive effects of (1) and (2). Thus, the FCG model provides new information regarding the origins of sex differences in phenotype that has not been available from studies that manipulate gonadal hormone levels in normal XY males and XX females. Studies of the FCG model have uncovered XX vs. XY differences in behaviors (aggression, parenting, habit formation, nociception, social interactions), gene expression (septal vasopressin), and susceptibility to disease (neural tube closure and autoimmune disease) not mediated by gonadal hormones. Some sex chromosome effects are mediated by sex differences in dose of X genes or their parental imprint. Future studies will identify the genes involved and their mechanisms of action.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Arnold, AP
通讯作者：
Arnold, AP
影响因子：
25
作者：
Carruth, LL;Reisert, I;Arnold, AP
通讯作者：
Arnold, AP
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
ARMSTRONG, JF;KAUFMAN, MH;CLARKE, AR
通讯作者：
CLARKE, AR
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
CHARLESWORTH, B
通讯作者：
CHARLESWORTH, B
DOI：
10.1196/annals.1286.018
发表时间：
2003-01-01
期刊：
STEROIDS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
影响因子：
--
作者：
Arnold, AP;Rissman, EF;De Vries, GJ
通讯作者：
De Vries, GJ