Re-Examining Rotavirus Innate Immune Evasion: Potential Applications of the Reverse Genetics System.

Re-Examining Rotavirus Innate Immune Evasion: Potential Applications of the Reverse Genetics System.
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DOI:
10.1128/mbio.01308-22
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发表时间:
2022-08-30
期刊:
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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轮状病毒是世界上最成功的病原体之一,具有高传染性,能在包括人类在内的许多动物的幼崽之间高效传播。为了克服宿主的防御,轮状病毒进化出了大量策略,以有效逃避先天免疫反应,在小肠中建立初始感染,产生子代,并释放到环境中。此前,如果没有仅基于质粒的反向遗传学系统,研究特定轮状病毒因子在先天免疫逃避中的作用和相对贡献是具有挑战性的。尽管目前的反向遗传学技术仍处于起步阶段,但它将有助于解决有关轮状病毒先天免疫逃避、宿主范围限制和病毒致病机制的重要研究问题。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前关于抗病毒宿主先天免疫防御机制、轮状病毒编码因子的应对措施以及利用轮状病毒反向遗传学系统更好地理解这些相互作用的策略的知识。
Rotaviruses represent one of the most successful pathogens in the world, with high infectivity and efficient transmission between the young of many animal species, including humans. To overcome host defenses, rotaviruses have evolved a plethora of strategies to effectively evade the innate immune response, establish initial infection in the small intestine, produce progeny, and shed into the environment. Previously, studying the roles and relative contributions of specific rotaviral factors in innate immune evasion had been challenging without a plasmid-only reverse genetics system. Although still in its infancy, current reverse genetics technology will help address important research questions regarding rotavirus innate immune evasion, host range restriction, and viral pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the antiviral host innate immune defense mechanisms, countermeasures of rotavirus-encoded factors, and strategies to better understand these interactions using the rotavirus reverse genetics system.
DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(97)70083-0
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