Three-dimensional printing with nano-enabled filaments releases polymer particles containing carbon nanotubes into air.
Three-dimensional printing with nano-enabled filaments releases polymer particles containing carbon nanotubes into air.
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具有纳米型细丝的三维印刷将含有碳纳米管的聚合物颗粒释放到空气中。
DOI：
10.1111/ina.12499
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发表时间：
2018-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Hammond D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stefaniak AB;Bowers LN;Knepp AK;Virji MA;Birch EM;Ham JE;Wells JR;Qi C;Schwegler-Berry D;Friend S;Johnson AR;Martin SB Jr;Qian Y;LeBouf RF;Birch Q;Hammond D
熔融沉积建模（FDM™）三维打印使用聚合物长丝来构建对象。一些聚合物长丝是用添加剂配制的，尽管不知道它们是否在打印过程中释放出来。使用台式FDM™3d打印机在室内打印三种含有碳纳米管（CNTs）的市售细丝，同时监测总颗粒数浓度和尺寸分布。用过滤器收集空气中的微粒，并用电子显微镜进行分析。羰基化合物用质谱法鉴定。块状碳纳米管长丝的元素碳含量为1.5 ~ 5.2 wt%。含碳纳米管的细丝每g印刷可释放1010个超细（d < 100 nm）颗粒，每g印刷可释放106 ~ 108个可呼吸（d ~0.5 ~ 2 μm）颗粒。从显微镜观察，1%的可吸入聚合物颗粒含有可见的碳纳米管。羰基排放量高于检测限（LOD），但低于定量限（LOQ）。模型显示，对于所有纤维，含碳纳米管聚合物颗粒在头部气道、气管细支气管和肺部的平均比例肺沉积分别为6.5%、5.7%和7.2%。如果含有碳纳米管的聚合物颗粒是有害的，那么在使用这些长丝的过程中，控制排放将是谨慎的。
Fused deposition modeling (FDM™) 3-dimensional printing uses polymer filament to build objects. Some polymer filaments are formulated with additives, though it is unknown if they are released during printing. Three commercially available filaments that contained carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were printed with a desktop FDM™ 3-D printer in a chamber while monitoring total particle number concentration and size distribution. Airborne particles were collected on filters and analyzed using electron microscopy. Carbonyl compounds were identified by mass spectrometry. The elemental carbon content of the bulk CNT-containing filaments was 1.5 to 5.2 wt%. CNT-containing filaments released up to 1010 ultrafine (d < 100 nm) particles/g printed and 106 to 108 respirable (d ~0.5 to 2 μm) particles/g printed. From microscopy, 1% of the emitted respirable polymer particles contained visible CNTs. Carbonyl emissions were observed above the limit of detection (LOD) but were below the limit of quantitation (LOQ). Modeling indicated that, for all filaments, the average proportional lung deposition of CNT-containing polymer particles was 6.5%, 5.7%, and 7.2% for the head airways, tracheobronchiolar, and pulmonary regions, respectively. If CNT-containing polymer particles are hazardous, it would be prudent to control emissions during use of these filaments.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Fatkhutdinova LM;Khaliullin TO;Vasil'yeva OL;Zalyalov RR;Mustafin IG;Kisin ER;Birch ME;Yanamala N;Shvedova AA
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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