The Organization of Wariness of Heights in Experienced Crawlers.
The Organization of Wariness of Heights in Experienced Crawlers.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-7078.2011.00083.x
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发表时间：
2012-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anderson DI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ueno M;Uchiyama I;Campos JJ;Dahl A;Anderson DI
大多数具有超过 6 周爬行经验的婴儿会完全避开视觉悬崖的深处。然而，一些经验丰富的爬行者确实会移动到悬挂在距地面几英尺的透明表面上。一个重要的问题是，这些非回避者是否缺乏对高度的警惕性，或者他们表现出警惕性的方式是否与深层回避者有本质上不同的方式。目前的研究通过测量在视觉悬崖的深侧和浅侧降低时的心率（HR）加速度、爬向母亲的潜伏期以及悬崖表面的触觉探索来解决这个问题。非回避者和回避者的心率加速度模式无法区分，下降到悬崖深处时比下降到悬崖浅处时显示出更大的心率加速度。与在浅侧测试的同类婴儿相比，非回避者还表现出更多的触觉探索和更长的潜伏期。这项研究说明了相同的情绪，即对高度的警惕性，可以通过性质不同的行为来表现出来，所有这些行为都起到保护个人免于跌倒的相同功能。
Most infants with more than 6 weeks of crawling experience completely avoid the deep side of a visual cliff. However, some experienced crawlers do move onto the transparent surface suspended several feet above the ground. An important question is whether these non-avoiders lack wariness of heights or whether they have a qualitatively different way of showing their wariness than do avoiders of the deep side. The current study addressed this question by measuring heart rate (HR) acceleration upon being lowered on the deep and shallow sides of the visual cliff, latency to crawl toward the mother, and tactile exploration of the cliff surface. Non-avoiders and avoiders had indistinguishable patterns of HR acceleration, showing greater HR acceleration when lowered onto the deep than when lowered onto the shallow side of the cliff. Non-avoiders also showed more tactile exploration and longer latencies than did a comparable group of infants tested on the shallow side. This study illustrates how the same emotion, wariness of heights, can be shown by qualitatively different behaviors, all serving the same function of protecting the individual from falling over a drop-off.
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