Job loss and mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown: Evidence from South Africa.
Job loss and mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown: Evidence from South Africa.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0249352
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kollamparambil U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Posel D;Oyenubi A;Kollamparambil U
现有的关于失业如何影响抑郁症的文献一直在努力解决反向因果关系导致的潜在内生性偏差。新冠肺炎大流行提供了一个独特的自然实验，因为失业的来源很可能对个人来说是外生的。这项研究评估了在新冠肺炎疫情期间，失业和休假对南非个人心理健康的影响。这项研究的数据来自第一波和第二波全国调查，即国民收入动态-冠状病毒快速移动调查(NDS-CRAM)，分别在2020年5-6月和7-8月进行。NDS-CRAM的样本来自于2017年进行的一项全国调查，该调查收集了有关心理健康的数据。在NDS-CRAM的第2波中，使用患者健康问卷(PHQ-2)的两个问题版本，询问了关于封锁期间抑郁症状的问题。PHQ-2的反应(离散量表上的0-6)被重新分组为四类，使得有序Logit回归模型最适合于评估就业状况对抑郁症状的影响。这项研究显示，在新冠肺炎被封锁期间继续受薪工作的成年人的抑郁得分显著低于失业的成年人。就业的好处也随着时间的推移而积累，突显了失业持续时间对心理健康的影响。分析显示，(无薪休假)休假对心理健康没有好处，但带薪休假对成年人的心理健康有强烈而显著的积极影响。新冠肺炎疫情的经济冲击波导致了前所未有的失业，这严重损害了人们的心理健康。因此，应对危机的卫生政策需要侧重于身心健康干预。
Existing literature on how employment loss affects depression has struggled to address potential endogeneity bias caused by reverse causality. The COVID-19 pandemic offers a unique natural experiment because the source of unemployment is very likely to be exogenous to the individual. This study assessed the effect of job loss and job furlough on the mental health of individuals in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data for the study came from the first and second waves of the national survey, the National Income Dynamics-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM), conducted during May-June and July-August 2020, respectively. The sample for NIDS-CRAM was drawn from an earlier national survey, conducted in 2017, which had collected data on mental health. Questions on depressive symptoms during the lockdown were asked in Wave 2 of NIDS-CRAM, using a 2-question version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). The PHQ-2 responses (0–6 on the discrete scale) were regrouped into four categories making the ordered logit regression model the most suited for assessing the impact of employment status on depressive symptoms. The study revealed that adults who retained paid employment during the COVID-19 lockdown had significantly lower depression scores than adults who lost employment. The benefits of employment also accumulated over time, underscoring the effect of unemployment duration on mental health. The analysis revealed no mental health benefits to being furloughed (on unpaid leave), but paid leave had a strong and significant positive effect on the mental health of adults. The economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented job losses, which impaired mental wellbeing significantly. Health policy responses to the crisis therefore need to focus on both physical and mental health interventions.
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影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Paul, Karsten I.;Moser, Klaus
通讯作者：
Moser, Klaus
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Hamad, R.;Fernald, L. C. H.;Zinman, J.
通讯作者：
Zinman, J.
影响因子：
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作者：
Banerjee, Abhijit;Galiani, Sebastian;Woolard, Ingrid
通讯作者：
Woolard, Ingrid
DOI：
10.1348/096317999166518
发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Murphy, GC;Athanasou, JA
通讯作者：
Athanasou, JA
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Fitzgerald, J;Gottschalk, P;Moffitt, R
通讯作者：
Moffitt, R