Evolution of eye development in the darkness of caves: adaptation, drift, or both?

Evolution of eye development in the darkness of caves: adaptation, drift, or both?
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DOI:
10.1186/2041-9139-4-26
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发表时间:
2013-09-30
期刊:
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Casane D
Casane D
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rétaux S;Casane D

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生活在黑暗洞穴里的动物通常都是失明和脱色的,不管它们属于哪一门。在这种环境中生存是一项巨大的挑战,最明显的挑战是在没有视觉帮助的情况下寻找食物和配偶,而洞穴动物失去眼睛往往伴随着其他感官设备的增强。在此,我们回顾了发育生物学和分子进化研究的最新文献,以探讨适应黑暗生活的进化机制。我们得出结论,在洞穴动物的眼睛丧失过程中,遗传漂变(中性假说)和直接和间接选择(选择性假说)同时发生。我们还确定了一些未来的研究方向,以更好地理解对完全黑暗的适应,为此,依赖于进化-发展方法的综合分析与彻底的生态和种群基因组研究应该有所启示。
Animals inhabiting the darkness of caves are generally blind and de-pigmented, regardless of the phylum they belong to. Survival in this environment is an enormous challenge, the most obvious being to find food and mates without the help of vision, and the loss of eyes in cave animals is often accompanied by an enhancement of other sensory apparatuses. Here we review the recent literature describing developmental biology and molecular evolution studies in order to discuss the evolutionary mechanisms underlying adaptation to life in the dark. We conclude that both genetic drift (neutral hypothesis) and direct and indirect selection (selective hypothesis) occurred together during the loss of eyes in cave animals. We also identify some future directions of research to better understand adaptation to total darkness, for which integrative analyses relying on evo-devo approaches associated with thorough ecological and population genomic studies should shed some light.
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