Plant defense against insect herbivores.
Plant defense against insect herbivores.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms140510242
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发表时间：
2013-05-16
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Bak S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fürstenberg-Hägg J;Zagrobelny M;Bak S
植物与昆虫的相互作用已有数亿年的历史，导致了针对各种昆虫取食策略的复杂防御方法。一些防御是结构性的，而另一些是诱导的，尽管杀虫防御化合物或蛋白质类别通常是相似的。昆虫的食草性诱导损伤组织的几种内部信号，包括钙离子通量、磷酸化级联以及系统和茉莉酸信号。在未受损的组织中可以察觉到这些物质，这些组织随后通过产生不同的、主要是低分子量的防御化合物来加强它们的防御。这些具有生物活性的特殊植物防御化合物可能会驱赶或毒死昆虫，而防御蛋白往往会干扰它们的消化。挥发物在食草动物身上释放，以击退食草动物，吸引捕食者，或用于树叶或植物之间的交流，并诱导防御反应。植物还利用蜡质、毛状体和乳胶等形态特征，使昆虫的取食变得更加困难。花外花蜜、食物体和筑巢或避难所被生产出来，以适应和喂养草食动物的捕食者。与此同时，食草性昆虫已经适应了抵抗植物防御的能力，在某些情况下，甚至会隔离化合物并重复使用它们来防御自己。植物防御和昆虫适应都涉及代谢成本，因此大多数植物与昆虫的相互作用达到对峙状态，寄主和食草动物都能生存下来，尽管它们的发育不是最优的。
Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are constitutive while others are induced, although the insecticidal defense compound or protein classes are often similar. Insect herbivory induce several internal signals from the wounded tissues, including calcium ion fluxes, phosphorylation cascades and systemic- and jasmonate signaling. These are perceived in undamaged tissues, which thereafter reinforce their defense by producing different, mostly low molecular weight, defense compounds. These bioactive specialized plant defense compounds may repel or intoxicate insects, while defense proteins often interfere with their digestion. Volatiles are released upon herbivory to repel herbivores, attract predators or for communication between leaves or plants, and to induce defense responses. Plants also apply morphological features like waxes, trichomes and latices to make the feeding more difficult for the insects. Extrafloral nectar, food bodies and nesting or refuge sites are produced to accommodate and feed the predators of the herbivores. Meanwhile, herbivorous insects have adapted to resist plant defenses, and in some cases even sequester the compounds and reuse them in their own defense. Both plant defense and insect adaptation involve metabolic costs, so most plant-insect interactions reach a stand-off, where both host and herbivore survive although their development is suboptimal.
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影响因子：
11.6
作者：
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