A hypothesis for basal ganglia-dependent reinforcement learning in the songbird.
A hypothesis for basal ganglia-dependent reinforcement learning in the songbird.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.09.069
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发表时间:
2011-12-15
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Goldberg, J. H.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fee, M. S.;Goldberg, J. H.
Most of our motor skills are not innately programmed, but are learned by a combination of motor exploration and performance evaluation, suggesting that they proceed through a reinforcement learning (RL) mechanism. Songbirds have emerged as a model system to study how a complex behavioral sequence can be learned through an RL-like strategy. Interestingly, like motor sequence learning in mammals, song learning in birds requires a basal ganglia (BG)-thalamocortical loop, suggesting common neural mechanisms. Here we outline a specific working hypothesis for how BG-forebrain circuits could utilize an internally computed reinforcement signal to direct song learning. Our model includes a number of general concepts borrowed from the mammalian BG literature, including a dopaminergic reward prediction error and dopamine mediated plasticity at corticostriatal synapses. We also invoke a number of conceptual advances arising from recent observations in the songbird. Specifically, there is evidence for a specialized cortical circuit that adds trial-to-trial variability to stereotyped cortical motor programs, and a role for the BG in ‘biasing’ this variability to improve behavioral performance. This BG-dependent ‘premotor bias’ may in turn guide plasticity in downstream cortical synapses to consolidate recently-learned song changes. Given the similarity between mammalian and songbird BG-thalamocortical circuits, our model for the role of the BG in this process may have broader relevance to mammalian BG function.
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