Behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying habitual and compulsive drug seeking.

Behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying habitual and compulsive drug seeking.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.003
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发表时间:
2018-12-20
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Laiks LS
Laiks LS
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smith RJ;Laiks LS

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成瘾的特征是不顾负面后果而强迫性地使用药物。在这里,我们回顾了一些研究表明,强迫性药物使用,特别是成瘾动物模型中的惩罚抵抗,与皮层对习惯行为的控制受损有关。在人类和动物中,工具行为是由目标导向和习惯系统支持的,这些系统依赖于不同的皮质纹状体网络。长期暴露于成瘾性药物或压力会使工具性反应策略偏向于习惯学习,并损害前额叶皮质(PFC)对反应的控制。此外,最近的研究表明,在一些长期自我服用可卡因的动物身上观察到,边缘前PFC功能障碍与惩罚抵抗有关。这可能与前边缘PFC在调节适应性反应和行为灵活性方面的更广泛作用有关,包括对行为施加目标导向控制。我们假设,皮层控制受损以及习惯系统和目标导向系统之间的灵活性降低,可能与适应不良和强迫性药物使用的发展密切相关。
Addiction is characterized by compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. Here we review studies that indicate that compulsive drug use, and in particular punishment resistance in animal models of addiction, is related to impaired cortical control over habitual behavior. In humans and animals, instrumental behavior is supported by goal-directed and habitual systems that rely on distinct corticostriatal networks. Chronic exposure to addictive drugs or stress has been shown to bias instrumental response strategies toward habit learning, and impair prefrontal cortical (PFC) control over responding. Moreover, recent work has implicated prelimbic PFC hypofunction in the punishment resistance that has been observed in a subset of animals with an extended history of cocaine self-administration. This may be related to a broader role for prelimbic PFC in mediating adaptive responding and behavioral flexibility, including exerting goal-directed control over behavior. We hypothesize that impaired cortical control and reduced flexibility between habitual and goal-directed systems may be critically involved in the development of maladaptive, compulsive drug use.
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