Chromosome-length polymorphism in fungi.

Chromosome-length polymorphism in fungi.
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真菌中的染色体长度多态性。

DOI:
10.1128/mr.59.4.686-698.1995
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发表时间:
1995
期刊:
Microbiological reviews
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zolan,ME
Zolan,ME
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zolan,ME

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利用脉冲场凝胶电泳技术对真菌染色体进行分析,发现真菌染色体长度多态性在有性和无性物种中都普遍存在。本文综述了真菌染色体长度多态性的特点以及染色体长度变化可能的有丝分裂和减数分裂机制。大多数真菌染色体长度多态性目前在内容和起源方面尚未确定。然而,很明显,长串联重复序列,如rRNA基因束,在长度上经常是可变的,并且在正常的有丝分裂生长过程中,其他染色体重排受到抑制。可有可无的染色体和可有可无的染色体区域,这已经在一些真菌中得到了很好的证明,也有助于真菌核型的变异。对于有性繁殖的物种,减数分裂重组增加了种群的总体核型变异性,同时抑制了遗传易位。在真菌中观察到的核型范围表明,至少在某些条件下,许多核型变化可能是遗传中性的。此外,新的基因连锁组合也可能有利于真菌适应新的环境。
The examination of fungal chromosomes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis has revealed that length polymorphism is widespread in both sexual and asexual species. This review summarizes characteristics of fungal chromosome-length polymorphism and possible mitotic and meiotic mechanisms of chromosome length change. Most fungal chromosome-length polymorphisms are currently uncharacterized with respect to content and origin. However, it is clear that long tandem repeats, such as tracts of rRNA genes, are frequently variable in length and that other chromosomal rearrangements are suppressed during normal mitotic growth. Dispensable chromosomes and dispensable chromosome regions, which have been well documented for some fungi, also contribute to the variability of the fungal karyotype. For sexual species, meiotic recombination increases the overall karyotypic variability in a population while suppressing genetic translocations. The range of karyotypes observed in fungi indicates that many karyotypic changes may be genetically neutral, at least under some conditions. In addition, new linkage combinations of genes may also be advantageous in allowing adaptation of fungi to new environments.
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