US Epidemiology of Cannabis Use and Associated Problems.
US Epidemiology of Cannabis Use and Associated Problems.
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DOI：
10.1038/npp.2017.198
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发表时间：
2018-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hasin DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hasin DS
这篇综述概述了美国大麻使用的流行病学变化和相关问题。成年人和青少年越来越认为大麻是无害的，有些人可以使用大麻而不会受到伤害。然而，潜在的问题包括产前接触和童年无意接触的危害；青少年早期使用后教育或职业功能下降，成年后出现驾驶障碍和车祸；大麻使用障碍（CUD），大麻戒断和精神合并症。有证据表明，全国范围内大麻效力、产前和儿童无意接触大麻的情况有所增加；在成年人中，增加使用，CUD，大麻相关的急诊室就诊和致命的车祸。29个州有医用大麻法（MMLs），其中8个州有娱乐性大麻法（RMLs）。许多研究表明，MMLs或其具体规定并未增加青少年大麻的使用。然而，更有限的文献表明，MMLs导致大麻效力增加，儿童无意暴露，成人大麻使用和成人CUD。生态学水平的研究表明，MMLs已经导致大麻取代阿片类药物，也可能取代精神科药物。关于大麻的趋势以及MMLs和RMLs在这些趋势中的作用，仍有许多有待确定的问题。公众、卫生专业人员和决策者将受益于关于使用大麻的风险、这种风险的增加以及大麻法律在这些增加中的作用的教育。
This review provides an overview of the changing US epidemiology of cannabis use and associated problems. Adults and adolescents increasingly view cannabis as harmless, and some can use cannabis without harm. However, potential problems include harms from prenatal exposure and unintentional childhood exposure; decline in educational or occupational functioning after early adolescent use, and in adulthood, impaired driving and vehicle crashes; cannabis use disorders (CUD), cannabis withdrawal, and psychiatric comorbidity. Evidence suggests national increases in cannabis potency, prenatal and unintentional childhood exposure; and in adults, increased use, CUD, cannabis-related emergency room visits, and fatal vehicle crashes. Twenty-nine states have medical marijuana laws (MMLs) and of these, 8 have recreational marijuana laws (RMLs). Many studies indicate that MMLs or their specific provisions did not increase adolescent cannabis use. However, the more limited literature suggests that MMLs have led to increased cannabis potency, unintentional childhood exposures, adult cannabis use, and adult CUD. Ecological-level studies suggest that MMLs have led to substitution of cannabis for opioids, and also possibly for psychiatric medications. Much remains to be determined about cannabis trends and the role of MMLs and RMLs in these trends. The public, health professionals, and policy makers would benefit from education about the risks of cannabis use, the increases in such risks, and the role of marijuana laws in these increases.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Allsop DJ;Copeland J;Norberg MM;Fu S;Molnar A;Lewis J;Budney AJ
通讯作者：
Budney AJ
DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03837.x
发表时间：
2012-07
期刊：
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
Rees, Daniel I.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Agrawal, Arpana;Lynskey, Michael T.
通讯作者：
Lynskey, Michael T.