Pattern variation is linked to anti-predator coloration in butterfly larvae.
Pattern variation is linked to anti-predator coloration in butterfly larvae.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2023.0811
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发表时间：
2023-06-28
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Montgomery, Stephen H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McLellan, Callum F.;Cuthill, Innes C.;Montgomery, Stephen H.
被捕食的动物通常试图避免被发现和/或向潜在的捕食者宣传它们应该被避开。这两种反捕食者的策略主要依靠颜色来取得成功，但所使用的特定图案也很重要。虽然图案在伪装中的作用是相对明确的，但人们对无符号图案的设计特征却知之甚少。在这里，我们使用比较的方法来研究268种神秘和无种蝴蝶幼虫的系统发育中模式使用的变化，这些幼虫的社会行为也不同。我们发现，隐蔽的幼虫更频繁地使用纵向条纹，而推测与隐蔽有关的图案更有可能被独居的幼虫使用。相比之下，无节育幼虫更有可能使用水平条带和斑点，但我们发现独居和群居的无节育物种在个体模式元素的使用上没有差异。然而，单性无生殖幼虫更有可能表现出多个花纹元素，而那些没有花纹的幼虫更有可能群居。我们的研究加深了我们对鳞翅目幼虫之间的图案变化、颜色和社会行为的理解，并突出了关于图案如何影响幼虫的可探测性和捕食者对无节育猎物的反应的新问题。
Prey animals typically try to avoid being detected and/or advertise to would-be predators that they should be avoided. Both anti-predator strategies primarily rely on colour to succeed, but the specific patterning used is also important. While the role of patterning in camouflage is relatively clear, the design features of aposematic patterns are less well understood. Here, we use a comparative approach to investigate how pattern use varies across a phylogeny of 268 species of cryptic and aposematic butterfly larvae, which also vary in social behaviour. We find that longitudinal stripes are used more frequently by cryptic larvae, and that patterns putatively linked to crypsis are more likely to be used by solitary larvae. By contrast, aposematic larvae are more likely to use horizontal bands and spots, but we find no differences in the use of individual pattern elements between solitary and gregarious aposematic species. However, solitary aposematic larvae are more likely to display multiple pattern elements, whereas those with no pattern are more likely to be gregarious. Our study advances our understanding of how pattern variation, coloration and social behaviour covary across lepidopteran larvae, and highlights new questions about how patterning affects larval detectability and predator responses to aposematic prey.
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