Empathy is moderated by genetic background in mice.
Empathy is moderated by genetic background in mice.
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移情是由小鼠的遗传背景调节的。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0004387
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lahvis GP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen Q;Panksepp JB;Lahvis GP
按照最初的定义，移情是指个体之间分享的一种情感体验。当检测到另一个人的不适或警报时，各种行为反应可能随之而来，包括更高水平的养育、安慰或提高对威胁的警觉。此外，系统生理学的变化往往伴随着对其他痛苦状态的认识。利用线索条件性恐惧的小鼠模型，我们询问暴露在同种痛苦中是否会影响小鼠随后对预测这种痛苦的环境线索的反应。我们发现，小鼠对预测社会痛苦的环境线索有反应，当同种动物发出悲伤的声音时，它们的心率会发生变化，遗传背景对这些反应的大小有很大影响。具体地说，在一系列暴露前的会话中，重复经历暴露于音调休克(CS-UCS)的目标小鼠会导致群居的C57BL/6J(B6)品系的受试者心率减速，但不会出现来自较少社交的BALB/CJ(BALB)品系的受试者的心率减速。在暴露前的会话之后，受试者被单独呈现给单独的CS-Only进行5个连续的试验，然后是CS与UCS的5个连续配对。在CS-Only和CS-UCS试验中，预先暴露于物体窘迫都增加了B6小鼠的冰冻反应，但不增加BALB小鼠的冰冻反应。B6小鼠对社会痛苦的这些生理和行为反应与人类共情的特征相似。因此，我们的范式与当代的共情观点具有结构和表面上的有效性，并提供了明确的证据，证明基因对共情行为的表达有贡献。
Empathy, as originally defined, refers to an emotional experience that is shared among individuals. When discomfort or alarm is detected in another, a variety of behavioral responses can follow, including greater levels of nurturing, consolation or increased vigilance towards a threat. Moreover, changes in systemic physiology often accompany the recognition of distressed states in others. Employing a mouse model of cue-conditioned fear, we asked whether exposure to conspecific distress influences how a mouse subsequently responds to environmental cues that predict this distress. We found that mice are responsive to environmental cues that predict social distress, that their heart rate changes when distress vocalizations are emitted from conspecifics, and that genetic background substantially influences the magnitude of these responses. Specifically, during a series of pre-exposure sessions, repeated experiences of object mice that were exposed to a tone-shock (CS-UCS) contingency resulted in heart rate deceleration in subjects from the gregarious C57BL/6J (B6) strain, but not in subjects from the less social BALB/cJ (BALB) strain. Following the pre-exposure sessions, subjects were individually presented with the CS-only for 5 consecutive trials followed by 5 consecutive pairings of the CS with the UCS. Pre-exposure to object distress increased the freezing responses of B6 mice, but not BALB mice, on both the CS-only and the CS-UCS trials. These physiological and behavioral responses of B6 mice to social distress parallel features of human empathy. Our paradigm thus has construct and face validity with contemporary views of empathy, and provides unequivocal evidence for a genetic contribution to the expression of empathic behavior.
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DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511543753.013
发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
EMPATHY IN MENTAL ILLNESS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Farrow, Tom F. D.
通讯作者：
Farrow, Tom F. D.
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Baack, JK;Switzer, PV
通讯作者：
Switzer, PV
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0511302103
发表时间：
2006-03-07
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Knapska, E;Nikolaev, E;Werka, T
通讯作者：
Werka, T
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Kavaliers, M;Colwell, DD;Ossenkopp, KP
通讯作者：
Ossenkopp, KP
DOI：
10.1016/0162-3095(94)90002-7
发表时间：
1994-09-01
期刊：
ETHOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
MARKS, IM;NESSE, RM
通讯作者：
NESSE, RM