Childhood ADHD and risk for substance dependence in adulthood: a longitudinal, population-based study.
Childhood ADHD and risk for substance dependence in adulthood: a longitudinal, population-based study.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0105640
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Barbaresi WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levy S;Katusic SK;Colligan RC;Weaver AL;Killian JM;Voigt RG;Barbaresi WJ
与同龄人相比，患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的青少年患物质使用障碍(SUD)的风险要大得多。冲动可能导致更高的药物使用水平，这是ADHD的已知症状，可能是这种关系的部分原因。其他因素，如生物上对物质依赖(成瘾)的易感性增加，也可能起到作用。这份报告进一步研究了儿童ADHD、青春期起病的SUD和成年期的物质滥用和物质依赖之间的关系。来自同一人群出生队列的儿童ADHD和非ADHD对照组的个体被邀请参加一项前瞻性结果研究。参与者完成了一次结构化的神经精神病学访谈，其中包括SUD模块和一份心理社会问卷。关于青少年SUD的信息是在先前的一项研究中从医疗和学校记录中追溯获得的。使用根据年龄和性别调整的Logistic回归模型估计的优势比(OR)和95%的CI来总结相关性。共有232名ADHD患者和335名非ADHD对照组参与研究(平均年龄分别为27.0岁和28.6岁)。与对照组相比，ADHD患者在青春期更容易被诊断为SOD，成年后更容易出现酒精(调整OR14.38，95%CI1.49~138.88)和药物依赖(调整OR3.48，95%CI1.38~8.79)。参与研究的ADHD患者中，在青春期没有SUD的亚组与对照组相比，成年后患上新的酒精依赖的可能性并不大，尽管他们明显更有可能出现新的药物依赖。我们的研究发现，初步证据表明，患有儿童ADHD的成年人比同龄人更容易患上药物依赖，这是一种与大脑神经变化有关的疾病。ADHD和酒精依赖之间的关系似乎更为复杂。
Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are known to be at significantly greater risk for the development of substance use disorders (SUD) compared to peers. Impulsivity, which could lead to higher levels of drug use, is a known symptom of ADHD and likely accounts, in part, for this relationship. Other factors, such as a biologically increased susceptibility to substance dependence (addiction), may also play a role. This report further examines the relationships between childhood ADHD, adolescent- onset SUD, and substance abuse and substance dependence in adulthood. Individuals with childhood ADHD and non-ADHD controls from the same population-based birth cohort were invited to participate in a prospective outcome study. Participants completed a structured neuropsychiatric interview with modules for SUD and a psychosocial questionnaire. Information on adolescent SUD was obtained retrospectively, in a previous study, from medical and school records. Associations were summarized using odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs estimated from logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender. A total of 232 ADHD cases and 335 non-ADHD controls participated (mean age, 27.0 and 28.6 years, respectively). ADHD cases were more likely than controls to have a SUD diagnosed in adolescence and were more likely to have alcohol (adjusted OR 14.38, 95% CI 1.49–138.88) and drug (adjusted OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.38–8.79) dependence in adulthood. The subgroup of participating ADHD cases who did not have SUD during adolescence were no more likely than controls to develop new onset alcohol dependence as adults, although they were significantly more likely to develop new onset drug dependence. Our study found preliminary evidence that adults with childhood ADHD are more susceptible than peers to developing drug dependence, a disorder associated with neurological changes in the brain. The relationship between ADHD and alcohol dependence appears to be more complex.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0402680101
发表时间：
2004-05-25
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Gogtay, N;Giedd, JN;Thompson, PM
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影响因子：
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