Psychological Scaling Reveals a Single Parameter Framework For Visual Working Memory

Psychological Scaling Reveals a Single Parameter Framework For Visual Working Memory
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心理量表揭示了视觉工作记忆的单一参数框架

DOI:
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Timothy F. Brady
Timothy F. Brady
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
M. Schurgin;J. Wixted;Timothy F. Brady

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工作记忆存储容量的限制已经研究了几十年,但这些限制的性质仍然难以捉摸。在这项研究中,一个重要的但在很大程度上被忽视的考虑因素涉及视觉工作记忆任务中使用的刺激的物理特性和它们的心理特性之间的关系。在这里,我们表明,在刺激空间的物理距离和在感知任务中测量的项目的心理混淆性之间的关系是非线性的。考虑到这种关系导致视觉工作记忆的概念化,大大简化了考虑性能所需的模型,允许泛化到新的刺激空间,并提供了一个映射的任务,被认为是衡量不同的质量。特别是,跨各种工作记忆任务的性能可以解释由信号检测框架内实现的单参数模型。此外,尽管工作记忆和长期记忆之间存在系统级差异,但在考虑心理距离后,我们发现指导这两个系统的理论框架之间存在很强的亲和力,因为性能使用相同的直接信号检测框架准确描述。
Limits on the storage capacity of working memory have been investigated for decades, but the nature of those limits remains elusive. An important but largely overlooked consideration in this research concerns the relationship between the physical properties of stimuli used in visual working memory tasks and their psychological properties. Here, we show that the relationship between physical distance in stimulus space and the psychological confusability of items as measured in a perceptual task is non-linear. Taking into account this relationship leads to a parsimonious conceptualization of visual working memory, greatly simplifying the models needed to account for performance, allowing generalization to new stimulus spaces, and providing a mapping between tasks that have been thought to measure distinct qualities. In particular, performance across a variety of working memory tasks can be explained by a oneparameter model implemented within a signal detection framework. Moreover, despite the system-level distinctions between working and long-term memory, after taking into account psychological distance we find a strong affinity between the theoretical frameworks that guide both systems, as performance is accurately described using the same straightforward signal detection framework.
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