Remembering or knowing how we felt: Depression and anxiety symptoms predict retrieval processes during emotional self-report.
Remembering or knowing how we felt: Depression and anxiety symptoms predict retrieval processes during emotional self-report.
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DOI：
10.1037/emo0000436
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发表时间：
2019-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Teachman BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gorlin EI;Werntz AJ;Fua KC;Lambert AE;Namaky N;Teachman BA
尽管有证据表明抑郁和焦虑患者的自传体记忆和情绪信息检索受损，但研究人员和临床医生通常依赖患者的回顾性情绪自我报告来指导诊断和治疗。为了澄清这些障碍的性质和特殊性，我们进行了两项大型在线数据收集（研究1：N = 1983，研究2：N = 900），检查在评价一个人在不同时间范围内的积极和消极情绪体验时，抑郁和/或焦虑症状是否会唯一预测自我报告的情景（“记忆”）和/或语义（“知道”）检索的使用。参与者被随机分配到六个时间范围之一（范围从“此时此刻”到“过去几年”），并被要求评价他们在这段时间内感受到四种情绪（“焦虑”、“悲伤”、“平静”和“快乐”）的强烈程度。每次评分后，他们都会被要求几个后续提示，使用改编自传统记住/知道范例的程序，评估他们对情景和/或语义信息的感知依赖，以评估他们的感受。在这两项研究中，抑郁和焦虑症状各自独特地预测了“记住”各种情绪类型的可能性增加，并降低了在评价积极情绪类型时“知道”感受的可能性。讨论了抑郁症和焦虑症中与情绪相关的记忆障碍的理论和治疗，以及更普遍的记忆检索的双过程理论的意义。
Researchers and clinicians routinely rely on patients’ retrospective emotional self-reports to guide diagnosis and treatment, despite evidence of impaired autobiographical memory and retrieval of emotional information in depression and anxiety. To clarify the nature and specificity of these impairments, we conducted two large online data collections (Study 1: N=1983, Study 2: N=900) examining whether depression and/or anxiety symptoms would uniquely predict the use of self-reported episodic (“remembering”) and/or semantic (“knowing”) retrieval when rating one’s positive and negative emotional experiences over different timeframes. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six timeframes (ranging from “at this moment” to “last few years”) and were asked to rate how intensely they felt each of four emotions (“anxious,” “sad,” “calm,” and “happy”) over that period. Following each rating, they were asked several follow-up prompts assessing their perceived reliance on episodic and/or semantic information to rate how they felt, using procedures adapted from the traditional remember/know paradigm. Across both studies, depression and anxiety symptoms each uniquely predicted increased likelihood of “remembering” across emotion types, and decreased likelihood of “knowing” how one felt when rating positive emotion types. Implications for the theory and treatment of emotion-related memory disturbances in depression and anxiety, and for dual-process theories of memory retrieval more generally, are discussed.
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