The Neuromodulatory Role of the Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Systems and Their Interplay in Cognitive Functions: A Focused Review.
The Neuromodulatory Role of the Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Systems and Their Interplay in Cognitive Functions: A Focused Review.
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DOI：
10.3390/brainsci12070890
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发表时间：
2022-07-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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大脑功能不同区域的去甲肾上腺素能和胆碱能调节已成为理解每个系统对中枢神经系统神经计算多样性的贡献的主要组织原则之一。数十年的研究表明，分布在不同大脑区域的不同受体家族以及特定电路的传入和传出投射在帮助如此广泛的神经调节系统在神经信息处理中获得显着的异质性方面发挥着关键作用。本综述简要讨论了去甲肾上腺素能系统和胆碱能系统的解剖布局，以及每个系统相关受体的类型和分布。讨论了先前描述这两个系统之间直接和间接相互作用的工作，特别是在注意力、学习和决策过程等高阶认知功能的背景下。尽管已经做了大量工作来描述每种神经调节剂的作用，但尚未完全实现对这两个系统的区域特异性合作的统一理解。为了使该领域取得进展，需要进行新的实验，利用大脑的模块化细分，系统地探索去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱在每个亚基中以及在这些区域的不同细胞类型中表达的所有受体中的作用。
The noradrenergic and cholinergic modulation of functionally distinct regions of the brain has become one of the primary organizational principles behind understanding the contribution of each system to the diversity of neural computation in the central nervous system. Decades of work has shown that a diverse family of receptors, stratified across different brain regions, and circuit-specific afferent and efferent projections play a critical role in helping such widespread neuromodulatory systems obtain substantial heterogeneity in neural information processing. This review briefly discusses the anatomical layout of both the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems, as well as the types and distributions of relevant receptors for each system. Previous work characterizing the direct and indirect interaction between these two systems is discussed, especially in the context of higher order cognitive functions such as attention, learning, and the decision-making process. Though a substantial amount of work has been done to characterize the role of each neuromodulator, a cohesive understanding of the region-specific cooperation of these two systems is not yet fully realized. For the field to progress, new experiments will need to be conducted that capitalize on the modular subdivisions of the brain and systematically explore the role of norepinephrine and acetylcholine in each of these subunits and across the full range of receptors expressed in different cell types in these regions.
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