Mini-review: Elucidating the psychological, physical, and sex-based interactions between HIV infection and stress.
Mini-review: Elucidating the psychological, physical, and sex-based interactions between HIV infection and stress.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135698
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发表时间：
2021-03-16
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Neigh, Gretchen N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stadtler, Hannah;Shaw, Gladys;Neigh, Gretchen N.
压力通常被归类为由困难环境引起的任何精神或情感压力，可表现为抑郁、焦虑、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)或其他神经认知障碍。抑郁症、焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍等神经认知障碍是全球残疾的主要原因，并继续影响个人和社区。尽管这些障碍影响男性和女性，但由于社会性别角色和身体差异，女性在被诊断为情感障碍的人中所占比例不成比例。此外，这些神经认知障碍的发生率在艾滋病毒携带者(PLWH)中增加；应激的身体后果增加了艾滋病毒感染、发病机制和治疗的可能性，因为应激和艾滋病毒感染的特点都是慢性炎症，这为艾滋病毒创造了一个更具机会性的环境。虽然应激反应是由自主神经系统(ANS)和下丘脑垂体肾上腺(HPA)轴促进的，但当反应涉及到心理因素时，就会涉及到额外的大脑区域。慢性应激暴露的影响以及个体在应激反应和恢复力方面的差异至少部分归因于初级应激回路之外的区域，包括杏仁核、前额叶皮质和海马体。这篇综述旨在阐明压力和艾滋病毒之间的关系，它们是如何与性相互作用的，并理解这些相互作用的物理后果。
Stress is generally classified as any mental or emotional strain resulting from difficult circumstances, and can manifest in the form of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or other neurocognitive disorders. Neurocognitive disorders such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD are large contributors to disability worldwide, and continue to affect individuals and communities. Although these disorders affect men and women, women are disproportionately represented among those diagnosed with affective disorders, a result of both societal gender roles and physical differences. Furthermore, the incidence of these neurocognitive disorders is augmented among People Living with HIV (PLWH); the physical ramifications of stress increase the likelihood of HIV acquisition, pathogenesis, and treatment, as both stress and HIV infection are characterized by chronic inflammation, which creates a more opportunistic environment for HIV. Although the stress response is facilitated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, when the response involves a psychological component, additional brain regions are engaged. The impact of chronic stress exposure and the origin of individual variation in stress responses and resilience are at least in part attributable to regions outside the primary stress circuity, including the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between stress and HIV, how these interact with sex, and to understand the physical ramifications of these interactions.
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