Age-Related Macular Degeneration: New Paradigms for Treatment and Management of AMD.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration: New Paradigms for Treatment and Management of AMD.
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DOI：
10.1155/2018/8374647
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gonzalez-Salinas R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hernández-Zimbrón LF;Zamora-Alvarado R;Ochoa-De la Paz L;Velez-Montoya R;Zenteno E;Gulias-Cañizo R;Quiroz-Mercado H;Gonzalez-Salinas R
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是一种特征明确且研究广泛的疾病。目前，它被认为是60岁以上患者视力残疾的主要原因。早期黄斑变性的特征是黄斑色素性改变，黄斑色素性改变，轻度到中度视力丧失。黄斑变性有两种形式：干性黄斑变性和湿性黄斑变性，前者不太常见，但90%的黄斑变性导致急性失明。风险因素与AMD的进展有关，他们正在了解AMD是如何发展的：(1)高龄和暴露于环境因素导致高水平的氧化应激损伤黄斑；(2)这种损伤导致炎症诱导恶性循环，共同导致中央性视力丧失。黄斑变性既不能治愈也不能治疗。然而，对于湿型AMD有一些治疗方法。本文将回顾与AMD发病相关的一些分子和细胞机制，重点讨论AMD发病过程中每个相关因素的可行治疗方法，如血管内皮生长因子、氧化应激、蛋白质和细胞器清除失败以及AMD的胶质细胞功能障碍。
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a well-characterized and extensively studied disease. It is currently considered the leading cause of visual disability among patients over 60 years. The hallmark of early AMD is the formation of drusen, pigmentary changes at the macula, and mild to moderate vision loss. There are two forms of AMD: the “dry” and the “wet” form that is less frequent but is responsible for 90% of acute blindness due to AMD. Risk factors have been associated with AMD progression, and they are taking relevance to understand how AMD develops: (1) advanced age and the exposition to environmental factors inducing high levels of oxidative stress damaging the macula and (2) this damage, which causes inflammation inducing a vicious cycle, altogether causing central vision loss. There is neither a cure nor treatment to prevent AMD. However, there are some treatments available for the wet form of AMD. This article will review some molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the onset of AMD focusing on feasible treatments for each related factor in the development of this pathology such as vascular endothelial growth factor, oxidative stress, failure of the clearance of proteins and organelles, and glial cell dysfunction in AMD.
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