Pay-as-you-go liquefied petroleum gas supports sustainable clean cooking in Kenyan informal urban settlement during COVID-19 lockdown.
Pay-as-you-go liquefied petroleum gas supports sustainable clean cooking in Kenyan informal urban settlement during COVID-19 lockdown.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116769
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发表时间：
2021-06-15
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
Pope D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shupler M;O'Keefe M;Puzzolo E;Nix E;Anderson de Cuevas R;Mwitari J;Gohole A;Sang E;Čukić I;Menya D;Pope D
在 COVID-19 封锁期间，每月人均即用即付液化石油气消耗量有所增加。在 301 名活跃的即用即付液化石油气客户中，有 95% 在 COVID-19 封锁期间保持使用。在 COVID-19 封锁期间，使用即用即付液化石油气的日常烹饪活动增加了 60%。支付频率增加50%；封锁期间单笔付款金额减少了 50%。平均即用即付金额为典型 6 公斤液化石油气钢瓶成本的 25%。大约 28 亿人依靠污染性燃料（例如木材、煤油）做饭。由于负担能力是获得液化石油气 (LPG) 等清洁烹饪燃料的主要障碍，现收现付 (PAYG) 液化石油气智能电表技术可以通过允许增量燃料支付来帮助资源匮乏的家庭采用液化石油气。为了了解现收现付液化石油气促进清洁烹饪的潜力，需要对客户的烹饪和消费模式进行客观评估。本研究使用了 2018 年 1 月至 2020 年 6 月期间从 COVID-19 封锁期间收集的新型智能电表数据，这些数据来自居住在肯尼亚内罗毕非正式定居点的 426 名 PAYG LPG 客户，以评估炉灶的使用情况（例如每天的烹饪事件、烹饪事件时长）。 2020 年 8 月进行了七次半结构化访谈，为封锁期间烹饪行为的潜在变化提供背景信息。使用炉灶监测数据，对肯尼亚埃尔多雷特城郊使用购买的 6 公斤钢瓶液化石油气的家庭的烹饪模式进行了客观比较。在内罗毕，95% 的研究家庭在 COVID-19 封锁期间继续使用 PAYG LPG，消费量从人均每月 0.97 公斤增加到 1.22 公斤。每日烹饪事件频率也增加了 60%（每天 1.07 至 1.72 次）。相比之下，埃尔多雷特购买 6 公斤钢瓶液化石油气的 7 个家庭在封锁期间（17 至 4 天）平均每月使用液化石油气的天数下降了 75%。接受采访的客户报告了 PAYG LPG 的好处超出了燃料负担能力，包括安全性、节省时间和钢瓶交付。在第一项评估 PAYG LPG 烹饪模式的研究中，尽管 COVID-19 封锁，LPG 的使用仍在持续，这说明了 PAYG 智能电表技术如何帮助促进清洁烹饪。
Monthly per capita pay-as-you-go LPG consumption increased during COVID-19 lockdown. 95% of 301 active pay-as-you-go LPG customers maintained use during COVID-19 lockdown. Daily cooking events using pay-as-you-go LPG increased 60% during COVID-19 lockdown. Payment frequency increased 50%; single payment amount decreased 50% during lockdown. Average pay-as-you-go payment amount was 25% of typical full 6 kg LPG cylinder cost. Approximately 2.8 billion people rely on polluting fuels (e.g. wood, kerosene) for cooking. With affordability being a key access barrier to clean cooking fuels, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), pay-as-you-go (PAYG) LPG smart meter technology may help resource-poor households adopt LPG by allowing incremental fuel payments. To understand the potential for PAYG LPG to facilitate clean cooking, objective evaluations of customers’ cooking and spending patterns are needed. This study uses novel smart meter data collected between January 2018-June 2020, spanning COVID-19 lockdown, from 426 PAYG LPG customers living in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya to evaluate stove usage (e.g. cooking events/day, cooking event length). Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted in August 2020 to provide context for potential changes in cooking behaviours during lockdown. Using stove monitoring data, objective comparisons of cooking patterns are made with households using purchased 6 kg cylinder LPG in peri-urban Eldoret, Kenya. In Nairobi, 95% of study households continued using PAYG LPG during COVID-19 lockdown, with consumption increasing from 0.97 to 1.22 kg/capita/month. Daily cooking event frequency also increased by 60% (1.07 to 1.72 events/day). In contrast, average days/month using LPG declined by 75% during lockdown (17 to four days) among seven households purchasing 6 kg cylinder LPG in Eldoret. Interviewed customers reported benefits of PAYG LPG beyond fuel affordability, including safety, time savings and cylinder delivery. In the first study assessing PAYG LPG cooking patterns, LPG use was sustained despite a COVID-19 lockdown, illustrating how PAYG smart meter technology may help foster clean cooking access.
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