No neural evidence of statistical learning during exposure to artificial languages in children with autism spectrum disorders.
No neural evidence of statistical learning during exposure to artificial languages in children with autism spectrum disorders.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.011
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发表时间：
2010-08-15
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Dapretto, Mirella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scott-Van Zeeland, Ashley A.;McNealy, Kristin;Wang, A. Ting;Sigman, Marian;Bookheimer, Susan Y.;Dapretto, Mirella
语言发育迟缓是自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的一个标志性特征。连续语音中单词边界的识别是语言习得的关键第一步，可以通过统计学习和依赖语音提示来完成。重要的是，早期分词技能已被证明可以预测典型发育（TD）儿童的后期语言发展。在这里，我们使用先前已针对功能磁共振成像进行验证的完善的行为范式，研究了患有和不患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童的在线分词的神经相关性。 18 名患有 ASD 的高功能男孩和 18 名年龄和智商匹配的 TD 男孩在听两种人工语言（包含统计或统计 + 单词边界的韵律提示）和随机语音流的同时接受了功能性磁共振成像。与之前的研究结果一致，在 TD 对照受试者中，额颞顶叶网络的活动随着单词边界线索数量的增加而减少。然而，自闭症儿童并没有表现出这种促进作用。此外，对活动随时间变化进行建模的统计对比发现，仅在 TD 儿童中，基底神经节和左颞顶叶皮层的人工语言的学习相关信号显着增加。最后，自闭症儿童的沟通障碍水平与接触人工语言期间这些相同区域的信号增强呈负相关。这是第一项研究，证明自闭症儿童的神经结构存在显着异常，有助于自闭症儿童的语言相关学习，并将在该人群中观察到的沟通障碍与语言输入中可用的统计和语音线索的敏感性降低联系起来。
Language delay is a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The identification of word boundaries in continuous speech is a critical first step in language acquisition that can be accomplished via statistical learning and reliance on speech cues. Importantly, early word segmentation skills have been shown to predict later language development in typically developing (TD) children. Here we investigated the neural correlates of online word segmentation in children with and without ASD with a well-established behavioral paradigm previously validated for functional magnetic resonance imaging. Eighteen high-functioning boys with ASD and 18 age- and IQ-matched TD boys underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while listening to two artificial languages (containing statistical or statistical + prosodic cues to word boundaries) and a random speech stream. Consistent with prior findings, in TD control subjects, activity in fronto-temporal-parietal networks decreased as the number of cues to word boundaries increased. The ASD children, however, did not show this facilitatory effect. Furthermore, statistical contrasts modeling changes in activity over time identified significant learning-related signal increases for both artificial languages in basal ganglia and left temporo-parietal cortex only in TD children. Finally, the level of communicative impairment in ASD children was inversely correlated with signal increases in these same regions during exposure to the artificial languages. This is the first study to demonstrate significant abnormalities in the neural architecture subserving language-related learning in ASD children and to link the communicative impairments observed in this population to decreased sensitivity to the statistical and speech cues available in the language input.
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影响因子：
14.5
作者：
Just, MA;Cherkassky, VL;Minshew, NJ
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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