Developmental environment mediates male seminal protein investment in Drosophila melanogaster
Developmental environment mediates male seminal protein investment in Drosophila melanogaster
复制标题
发育环境介导果蝇雄性精蛋白投入
作者：
Stuart Wigby;J. Perry;Yon;L. Sirot
摘要许多物种的雄性会微调射精，以应对精子竞争风险。资源的可获得性和开发过程中竞争者的数量也会强烈地影响精子的产生。然而，尽管精液蛋白在调节生殖过程中起着关键作用，但精液蛋白投资是否依赖于发育环境尚不清楚。我们通过低密度和高密度饲养果蝇来控制果蝇的发育环境。正如预期的那样，这分别导致了大的和小的(即高和低状态)成体表型。正如预测的那样，体型较大的雄性会产生更多的两种关键精液蛋白质--性肽(SP)和卵蛋白，而且更容易与处女和先前交配的雌性交配。然而，只有微弱且不显著的趋势是，大型雄性在交配时转移更多的SP绝对量，因此，小型雄性按比例射出更多储存的附腺SP资源。雄性将更多抑制感受性的SP转移给较大的雌性。尽管如此，体型较大的雌体比体型较小的雌体反应更快，因此对发育环境的反应超过了它们所获得的SP的数量。结果与两个非互斥假设一致。首先，苍蝇可能会对条件相关的繁殖机会做出反应，(I)小雄性在交配机会出现时大量投资于射精，而大雄性战略性地分配SP资源，以及(Ii)小雌性由于交配成本较高或需要较少补充精子而减少交配比率。其次，苍蝇可能会受到其幼虫环境的刺激，以应对类似的成虫密度，(I)雄性认为高密度是竞争加剧的信号，导致较小的雄性在交配时按比例投入更多的SP资源，(Ii)雌性认为高密度是潜在配偶丰富的信号，导致更高的性接受阈值。因此，通过影响两性的交配频率，以及由男性产生并由女性接收的精蛋白的数量，发育环境很可能对性选择和性冲突产生深远的、特定于性别的后果。
Summary Males of many species fine‐tune their ejaculates in response to sperm competition risk. Resource availability and the number of competitors during development can also strongly influence sperm production. However, despite the key role of seminal proteins in mediating reproductive processes, it is unclear whether seminal protein investment is dependent on the developmental environment. We manipulated the developmental environment of Drosophila melanogaster by rearing flies at low and high density. As expected, this resulted in large and small (i.e. high and low condition) adult phenotypes, respectively. As predicted, large males produced more of two key seminal proteins, sex peptide (SP) and ovulin, and were more successful at obtaining matings with both virgin and previously mated females. However, there was only a weak and non‐significant trend for large males to transfer more absolute quantities of SP at mating, and thus, small males ejaculated proportionally more of their stored accessory gland SP resources. Males transferred more receptivity‐inhibiting SP to large females. Despite this, large females remated more quickly than small females and thus responded to their developmental environment over and above the quantity of SP they received. The results are consistent with two non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses. First, flies might respond to condition‐dependent reproductive opportunities, with (i) small males investing heavily in ejaculates when mating opportunities arise and large males strategically partitioning SP resources and (ii) small females remating at reduced rates because they have higher mating costs or need to replenish sperm less often. Second, flies may be primed by their larval environment to deal with similar adult population densities, with (i) males perceiving high density as signalling increased competition, leading small males to invest proportionally more SP resources at mating and (ii) females perceiving high density as signalling abundant potential mates, leading to a higher sexual receptivity threshold. Thus, by influencing the mating frequencies of both sexes, as well as the quantity of seminal proteins produced by males and received by females, the developmental environment is likely to have far‐reaching and sex‐specific consequences for sexual selection and sexual conflict.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.92.22.10114
发表时间：
1995-10-24
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
HERNDON, LA;WOLFNER, MF
通讯作者：
WOLFNER, MF
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
K. Ravi Ram;M. Wolfner
通讯作者：
K. Ravi Ram;M. Wolfner
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Sirot LK;Wong A;Chapman T;Wolfner MF
通讯作者：
Wolfner MF
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bretman, Amanda;Fricke, Claudia;Chapman, Tracey
通讯作者：
Chapman, Tracey