Psychological and drug abuse symptoms associated with nonmedical use of opioid analgesics among adolescents.
Psychological and drug abuse symptoms associated with nonmedical use of opioid analgesics among adolescents.
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DOI：
10.1080/08897077.2014.928660
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
McCabe SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boyd CJ;Young A;McCabe SE
本探索性研究考察了与青少年阿片类镇痛药的医疗和非医疗使用相关的心理和药物滥用症状和动机。我们比较了三组青少年：1)从未使用阿片类镇痛药的青少年；2)使用处方阿片类镇痛药者（医疗使用者）；3)使用别人的阿片类镇痛药的人（非医疗使用者）。非医疗使用被定义为使用他人的阿片类镇痛药物。比较各组之间的心理和药物滥用症状以及从事非医疗使用的动机。一项基于网络的调查，中学生生活调查（SSLS）对密歇根州东南部五所中学中的一所的学生进行了抽样调查。样本包括2627名受访者，按性别和年级均匀分布。65%（65.0%）是白人/高加索人，29.5%是非裔美国人。平均年龄14.8岁（SD=1.9）。70% （70.4%, n=1850）的患者一生中从未使用过阿片类镇痛药。在剩下的24.5% （n=644）阿片类镇痛药使用者中，大多数是医疗使用者。然而，3.5% （n=92）被归类为非医疗使用者，他们使用别人的药物只是为了缓解疼痛，1.6% （n=41）被归类为非医疗使用者，而不是为了缓解疼痛（例如，获得快感）。与从不使用药物的人相比，医疗使用者和非医疗使用者都报告了更多的药物滥用症状和与疼痛相关的症状。此外，那些使用阿片类药物寻求感觉的非医疗使用者更有可能出现心理症状。这些数据：1)为青少年阿片类镇痛药使用者存在不同的亚群提供了额外的支持；2)提供与非医疗使用相关的心理症状的证据；3)强调自我治疗疼痛的非医疗使用者与出于其他原因（如实验或吸毒）使用疼痛的非医疗使用者之间的心理差异。
This exploratory study examined the psychological and substance abuse symptoms and motivations associated with adolescents’ medical and nonmedical use of opioid analgesics. We compared three groups of adolescents: 1) those who never used an opioid analgesic; 2) those who used a prescribed opioid analgesic (medical users); and 3) those who used someone else’s opioid analgesics (nonmedical users). Nonmedical use was defined as using someone else’s opioid analgesic medication. Comparisons among the groups were made on psychological and substance abuse symptoms as well as motivations to engage in nonmedical use. A web-based survey, the Secondary Student Life Survey (SSLS) was administered to a sample of students who attended one of five secondary schools in southeastern Michigan. The sample included 2,627 respondents and was evenly distributed by sex and grade. Sixty-five percent (65.0%) were White/Caucasian and 29.5% African-American. The average age was 14.8 years (SD=1.9). Seventy percent (70.4%, n=1850) reported never using opioid analgesics in their lifetimes. Of the remaining 24.5% (n=644) of opioid analgesic users, most were medical users. However, 3.5% (n=92) were classified as nonmedical users who used someone else’s medication for pain relief only, and 1.6% (n=41) were classified as nonmedical users for reasons other than for pain relief (e.g. to get high). In contrast to never users, both medical users and nonmedical users reported more substance abuse symptoms and symptoms associated with pain. Further, those nonmedical users who used opioids to sensation seek had greater odds of having psychological symptoms. These data: 1) provide additional support for the existence of distinct subgroups of adolescent opioid analgesic users; 2) provide evidence of psychological symptoms associated with nonmedical use; and 3) highlight the psychological differences among nonmedical users who self-treat for pain versus nonmedical users who use for other reasons (e.g. experiment or get high).
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