Spatial organization of transcribed eukaryotic genes.

Spatial organization of transcribed eukaryotic genes.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41556-022-00847-6
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发表时间:
2022-03
影响因子:
21.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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尽管核组织在基因表达调控中的作用已经得到了很好的证实,但人们对相反的作用知之甚少:转录如何塑造基因组的空间组织。由于大多数先前研究的基因的小尺寸和有限的显微镜分辨率,单个转录基因的结构和空间排列仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们研究了几个长的高表达基因,并证明他们形成开放式的转录环与聚合酶移动沿着环和携带新生RNA。转录环可以跨越微米,类似于灯刷环和聚乙烯泡芙。转录环的延伸和形状表明其内在的刚度,我们归因于装饰与多个体积庞大的新生核糖核蛋白。我们的数据与转录工厂的模型相矛盾,并表明尽管显微镜下可分辨的转录环对于长时间高表达的基因是特异性的,但它们形成的机制可能代表真核生物转录的一般方面。
Despite the well-established role of nuclear organization in regulation of gene expression, little is known about the reverse: how transcription shapes the spatial organization of the genome. Owing to the small sizes of most previously studied genes and the limited resolution of microscopy, the structure and spatial arrangement of a single transcribed gene are still poorly understood. Here, we study several long highly expressed genes and demonstrate that they form open-ended transcription loops with polymerases moving along the loops and carrying nascent RNAs. Transcription loops can span across microns, resembling lampbrush loops and polytene puffs. Extension and shape of transcription loops suggest their intrinsic stiffness, which we attribute to decoration with multiple voluminous nascent ribonucleoproteins. Our data contradict the model of transcription factories and suggest that although microscopically resolvable transcription loops are specific for long highly expressed genes, the mechanisms underlying their formation could represent a general aspect of eukaryotic transcription.
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