Executive Functions, Memory, and Social Cognitive Deficits and Recovery in Chronic Alcoholism: A Critical Review to Inform Future Research.
Executive Functions, Memory, and Social Cognitive Deficits and Recovery in Chronic Alcoholism: A Critical Review to Inform Future Research.
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DOI：
10.1111/acer.13431
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发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sullivan EV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Le Berre AP;Fama R;Sullivan EV
酒精中毒是一种复杂而动态的疾病，不时会出现戒断和复发的时期，并受到多种脆弱因素的影响。慢性过量饮酒与执行功能、记忆和元认知能力的认知缺陷（从轻度到重度）相关，并伴有情绪过程和社会认知的相关损害。这些缺陷可能会通过阻碍临床治疗的有效性而损害启动和维持禁欲的努力，并可能阻碍做出良好决策的努力，人际/社会互动的成功以及认知和行为功能障碍的意识。尽管有证据表明，选择性认知过程的恢复水平存在差异，但即使长时间清醒，某些缺陷也会持续存在。在此提出了一个审查酒精相关的认知障碍影响组件过程的执行功能，记忆，和最近调查的认知领域的元记忆，社会认知和情绪处理，也被认为是轨迹的认知恢复与禁欲。最后，在批判性审查的精神，目前的知识的局限性，并提出了新的研究努力的途径，重点是（1）情感认知过程和识别的脆弱性因素之间的相互作用，有助于发展的情感和社会处理缺陷和（2）的时间线认知恢复跟踪酗酒的清醒和复发的动态过程。关于酒精中毒认知恢复的异时性的知识有可能表明在恢复干预过程中的哪些点可能是最有益的。
Alcoholism is a complex and dynamic disease, punctuated by periods of abstinence and relapse, and influenced by a multitude of vulnerability factors. Chronic excessive alcohol consumption is associated with cognitive deficits, ranging from mild to severe, in executive functions, memory, and metacognitive abilities, with associated impairment in emotional processes and social cognition. These deficits can compromise efforts in initiating and sustaining abstinence by hampering efficacy of clinical treatment and can obstruct efforts in enabling good decision-making, success in interpersonal/social interactions, and awareness of cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions. Despite evidence for differences in recovery levels of selective cognitive processes, certain deficits can persist even with prolonged sobriety. Herein is presented a review of alcohol-related cognitive impairments affecting component processes of executive functioning, memory, and the recently investigated cognitive domains of metamemory, social cognition, and emotional processing; also considered are trajectories of cognitive recovery with abstinence. Finally, in the spirit of critical review, limitations of current knowledge are noted and avenues for new research efforts are proposed that focus on (1) the interaction among emotion-cognition processes and identification of vulnerability factors contributing to the development of emotional and social processing deficits and (2) the time line of cognitive recovery by tracking alcoholism’s dynamic course of sobriety and relapse. Knowledge about the heterochronicity of cognitive recovery in alcoholism has the potential of indicating at which points during recovery intervention may be most beneficial.
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