Gender inequalities in violence victimization and depression in Brazil: results from the 2019 national health survey.
Gender inequalities in violence victimization and depression in Brazil: results from the 2019 national health survey.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12939-023-01916-4
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发表时间：
2023-05-24
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Hone, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mrejen, Matias;Rosa, Leonardo;Rosa, Dayana;Hone, Thomas
暴力是一个全球性的公共卫生挑战，在许多情况下与抑郁症有关。抑郁症在妇女中的发病率更高，不同程度地遭受暴力是一个潜在的风险因素-特别是在暴力程度高的国家。本文提供了一个全面的描述暴力受害和抑郁症之间的关联在巴西，侧重于性/性别不平等。我们使用了2019年巴西全国健康调查（PNS）的数据，以评估受访者是否患有抑郁症（使用PHQ-9）以及他们是否是暴力的受害者，并根据暴力类型，受害频率和主要攻击者进行区分。我们使用logit模型来评估受害和抑郁症可能性之间的关联。我们预测被压抑的概率，考虑暴力受害和性别之间的相互作用，分析男性和女性之间的差异。妇女的暴力受害率和抑郁率高于男子。根据社会经济因素调整后，暴力受害者患抑郁症的几率比非受害者高3.8倍（95%CI：3.5-4.2），女性比男性高2.3倍（95%CI：2.1-2.6）。对于任何给定的收入水平，种族/民族或年龄组，暴力受害者是妇女的抑郁症的预测概率最高-例如，低收入妇女为29.4%（95%CI：26.1-32.8），黑人妇女为28.9%（95%CI：24.4-33.2），遭受暴力的年轻妇女为30.4%（95%CI：25.4-35.4）。超过三分之一的妇女遭受多种类型的暴力，更频繁地经历暴力，或者攻击者是亲密伴侣或其他家庭成员，预计会有抑郁症。在巴西，成为暴力受害者与患抑郁症的风险较高密切相关，女性更有可能成为暴力受害者并患抑郁症。频繁的性暴力、身体暴力或心理暴力以及亲密伴侣或家庭成员施暴者是抑郁症的主要风险因素，应成为公共卫生的优先事项。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s12939-023-01916-4获得。
Violence is a worldwide public health challenge and has been linked to depression in many settings. Depression is higher in women and differential exposure to violence is a potential risk factor – especially in countries with high-levels of violence. This paper provides a comprehensive characterization of the association between violence victimization and depression in Brazil, focusing on sex/gender inequalities. We used data from the 2019 wave of the National Health Survey (PNS) in Brazil to assess whether respondents had depression (using PHQ-9) and if they were victims of violence, differentiating by the type of violence, the frequency of victimization, and the primary aggressor. We used logit models to assess the association between victimization and the likelihood of having depression. We predicted probabilities of being depressed, considering the interaction between violence victimization and sex/gender, to analyze the differences between men and women. Rates of violence victimization and depression were higher among women than among men. The odds of being depressed were 3.8 (95%CI: 3.5–4.2) times higher among victims of violence than among non-victims, and 2.3 (95%CI: 2.1–2.6) times higher among women than among men, adjusting for socioeconomic factors. For any given income level, racial/ethnic or age group, victims of violence who were women had the highest predicted probabilities of being depressed – e.g., 29.4% (95%CI: 26.1–32.8) for lower-income women, 28.9% (95%CI: 24.4–33.2) for black women, and 30.4% (95%CI: 25.4–35.4) for younger women that suffered violence. Over one in three women that suffered multiple types of violence, experienced violence more frequently, or where the aggressor was an intimate partner or another family member were predicted to have depression. Being a victim of violence was strongly associated with higher risk of depression in Brazil, with women more likely to be both victims of violence and develop depression. Frequent, sexual, physical or psychological violence, and intimate partners or family member perpetrators were major risk factors for depression and should be a public health priority. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12939-023-01916-4.
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影响因子：
18.4
作者：
Pizzagalli DA
通讯作者：
Pizzagalli DA
影响因子：
64.3
作者：
Oram, Sian;Fisher, Helen L.;Howard, Louise M.
通讯作者：
Howard, Louise M.
DOI：
10.1590/s0102-311x2013001200006
发表时间：
2013-08-01
期刊：
Cadernos de Saúde Pública
影响因子：
--
作者：
Santos, Iná S.;Tavares, Beatriz Franck;Matijasevich, Alicia
通讯作者：
Matijasevich, Alicia
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Mrejen, Matias;Hone, Thomas;Rocha, Rudi
通讯作者：
Rocha, Rudi
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Chandra, Prabha S.;Satyanarayana, Veena A.
通讯作者：
Satyanarayana, Veena A.