Depression, stress, and anhedonia: toward a synthesis and integrated model.
Depression, stress, and anhedonia: toward a synthesis and integrated model.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185606
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
18.4
通讯作者:
Pizzagalli DA
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pizzagalli DA
Depression is a significant public health problem, but its etiology and pathophysiology remain poorly understood. Such incomplete understanding likely arises from the fact that depression encompasses a heterogeneous set of disorders. To overcome these limitations, renewed interest in intermediate phenotypes (endophenotypes) has resurfaced, and anhedonia has emerged as one of the most promising endophenotypes of depression. Here, a heuristic model is presented postulating that anhedonia arises from dysfunctional interactions between stress and brain reward systems. To this end, we review and integrate three bodies of independent literature investigating the role of (1) anhedonia, (2) dopamine, and (3) stress in depression. In a fourth section, we summarize animal data indicating that stress negatively affect mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathways critically implicated in incentive motivation and reinforcement learning. In the last section, we provide a synthesis of these four literatures, present initial evidence consistent with our model, and discuss directions for future research.
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