Techniques and applications of in vivo diffusion imaging of articular cartilage.

Techniques and applications of in vivo diffusion imaging of articular cartilage.
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DOI:
10.1002/jmri.24767
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发表时间:
2015-06
影响因子:
4.4
通讯作者:
Raya, Jose G.
Raya, Jose G.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Raya, Jose G.

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在骨关节炎(OA)早期,关节软骨的组成(水、蛋白聚糖[PG]和胶原蛋白)和结构发生改变,导致其力学性能发生变化。一种可以在体内评估软骨组成和结构的技术,可以深入了解关节软骨的机械完整性,成为OA早期诊断的有力工具。扩散张量成像(DTI)被认为是软骨组成和结构的生物标志物。DTI通过平均扩散系数(MD)对PG含量敏感,通过分数各向异性(FA)对胶原结构敏感。然而,由于关节软骨的T2较短(3t时约40 ms),并且需要高分辨率(平面0.5-0.7 mm)来描绘软骨解剖结构,因此获得关节软骨的活体DTI具有挑战性。我们描述了用于关节软骨体内DTI的脉冲序列,并讨论了方案优化的一般策略。我们提供了关节软骨DTI测量从离体验证实验到其最近的临床应用的全面回顾。
Early in the process of osteoarthritis (OA) the composition (water, proteoglycan [PG], and collagen) and structure of articular cartilage is altered leading to changes in its mechanical properties. A technique that can assess the composition and structure of the cartilage in vivo can provide insight in the mechanical integrity of articular cartilage and become a powerful tool for the early diagnosis of OA. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been proposed as a biomarker for cartilage composition and structure. DTI is sensitive to the PG content through the mean diffusivity (MD) and to the collagen architecture through the fractional anisotropy (FA). However, the acquisition of DTI of articular cartilage in vivo is challenging due to the short T2 of articular cartilage (~40 ms at 3 T) and the high resolution needed (0.5–0.7 mm in plane) to depict the cartilage anatomy. We describe the pulse sequences used for in vivo DTI of articular cartilage and discus general strategies for protocol optimization. We provide a comprehensive review of measurements of DTI of articular cartilage from ex vivo validation experiments to its recent clinical applications.
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