The decision to engage cognitive control is driven by expected reward-value: neural and behavioral evidence.
The decision to engage cognitive control is driven by expected reward-value: neural and behavioral evidence.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0051637
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Christoff K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dixon ML;Christoff K
认知控制是一种基本技能，反映了主动使用任务规则来指导行为和抑制不适当的自动反应。以前的工作传统上使用的范例中，受试者被告知何时进行认知控制。因此，令人惊讶的是，人们对影响个人最初决定是否以反思的、基于规则的方式行事的因素知之甚少。为了检验这一点，我们采取了三个经典的认知控制任务（Stroop，威斯康星州卡片分类任务，Go/No-Go任务），并创建了新的“自由选择”版本，其中人类受试者可以自由选择一个自动的，prepotent的动作，或者一个需要基于规则的认知控制的动作，并根据他们的选择赚取不同数量的钱。我们的研究结果表明，受试者的决定，从事认知控制是由一个明确的表示，预期将获得从规则使用的金钱奖励。受试者很少从事认知控制时，预期的结果是相等或更小的价值相比，自动反应的价值，但经常从事认知控制时，预计会产生更大的金钱结果。此外，我们利用fMRI适应表明，外侧前额叶皮层（LPFC）代表规则和预期奖励结果之间的关联。总之，这些研究结果表明，当人们期望它会产生预期的结果时，他们更有可能以反思的，基于规则的方式行事。因此，选择施加认知控制不仅仅是一个理性和意志力的问题，而是符合基于价值的决策的标准机制。最后，在目前的模型LPFC功能相比，我们的研究结果表明，LPFC起着直接的作用，在代表动机激励。
Cognitive control is a fundamental skill reflecting the active use of task-rules to guide behavior and suppress inappropriate automatic responses. Prior work has traditionally used paradigms in which subjects are told when to engage cognitive control. Thus, surprisingly little is known about the factors that influence individuals' initial decision of whether or not to act in a reflective, rule-based manner. To examine this, we took three classic cognitive control tasks (Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, Go/No-Go task) and created novel ‘free-choice’ versions in which human subjects were free to select an automatic, pre-potent action, or an action requiring rule-based cognitive control, and earned varying amounts of money based on their choices. Our findings demonstrated that subjects' decision to engage cognitive control was driven by an explicit representation of monetary rewards expected to be obtained from rule-use. Subjects rarely engaged cognitive control when the expected outcome was of equal or lesser value as compared to the value of the automatic response, but frequently engaged cognitive control when it was expected to yield a larger monetary outcome. Additionally, we exploited fMRI-adaptation to show that the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) represents associations between rules and expected reward outcomes. Together, these findings suggest that individuals are more likely to act in a reflective, rule-based manner when they expect that it will result in a desired outcome. Thus, choosing to exert cognitive control is not simply a matter of reason and willpower, but rather, conforms to standard mechanisms of value-based decision making. Finally, in contrast to current models of LPFC function, our results suggest that the LPFC plays a direct role in representing motivational incentives.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Hare, Todd A.;Camerer, Colin F.;Rangel, Antonio
通讯作者：
Rangel, Antonio
影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2668-09.2009
发表时间：
2009-08-12
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Frith CD
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Glimcher, Paul W.