Using Demand Curves to Quantify the Reinforcing Value of Social and Solitary Drinking.
Using Demand Curves to Quantify the Reinforcing Value of Social and Solitary Drinking.
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DOI：
10.1111/acer.14382
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发表时间：
2020-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Murphy JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acuff SF;Soltis KE;Murphy JG
年轻人通常在社交场合饮酒，报告称尽管有一系列不良后果，但仍有大量间歇性酗酒。行为经济学假设，这可能反映了一种强化病理，即酒精相对于其他强化剂被高估。从理论上讲，酒精的价值既与酒精的直接药理作用(兴奋、镇静)有关，也与相关的社会强化有关，但到目前为止，还没有研究区分社交饮酒和单独饮酒的价值。本研究考察了两个修正的假设酒精购买任务(APT)，一个是明确社交的，另一个是明确的单独饮酒，目的是量化社交饮酒与单独饮酒的奖励价值，并确定单独饮酒是否存在独特的临床相关性。研究对象为从MTurk和某大学招募的年轻人(N=274，MAGE=25.15，SD=4.10)。参与者除了测量饮酒量和问题外，还完成了一项独处和社交APT。参与者报告称，在所有需求指数中，社交APT的需求明显高于单独APT。独处和社交需求的增加与酒精使用和问题的增加有关。使用残差变化方法，单独需求幅度(最大消费和支出)和持久性(价格敏感度)在预测YAACQ的自我照顾、学业/职业和身体依赖分量表方面，在预测每周典型饮酒量和自我照顾、学业/职业和身体依赖方面，贡献了超出社交APT综合同行的额外差异。与单独饮酒的情况相比，同伴的存在会增加酒精需求，而相对较大的单独饮酒需求可能是导致更多酒精消费和问题的风险因素。
Young adults typically drink in social settings and report high levels of episodic heavy drinking despite a range of adverse consequences. Behavioral economics posits that this may reflect a reinforcer pathology in which alcohol is overvalued relative to other reinforcers. Theoretically, the value of alcohol is related to both the direct pharmacological effects of alcohol (euphoria, sedation) and to the associated social reinforcement, but to date no studies have differentiated the value of social vs. solitary drinking. The current study examines two modified hypothetical alcohol purchase tasks (APTs), one explicitly social and one explicitly solitary, in order to quantify the reward value of social vs. solitary drinking, and to determine if there are unique clinical correlates of solitary alcohol demand. Participants were young adults (N = 274, Mage = 25.15, SD = 4.10) recruited from Mturk and from a university subject pool. Participants completed a solitary and social APT, in addition to measures of alcohol consumption and problems. Participants reported significantly greater demand in the social APT compared to the solitary APT across all demand indices. Elevated solitary and social demand were associated with elevated levels of alcohol use and problems. Using a residualized change approach, solitary demand amplitude (maximum consumption and expenditure) and persistence (price sensitivity) contributed additional variance above and beyond their social APT composite counterparts in predicting typical drinks per week and the self-care, academic/occupational, and physical dependence subscales of the YAACQ. The presence of peers increases alcohol demand compared to a solitary scenario, and greater relative solitary drinking demand may be a risk factor for greater alcohol consumption and problems.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Bickel, W. K.;Snider, S. E.;Stein, J. S.
通讯作者：
Stein, J. S.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Koffarnus, Mikhail N.;Franck, Christopher T.;Bickel, Warren K.
通讯作者：
Bickel, Warren K.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Dennhardt, Ashley A.;Murphy, James G.;Williams, Joah L.
通讯作者：
Williams, Joah L.
DOI：
10.1111/acer.14206
发表时间：
2019-10-29
期刊：
ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Joyner, Keanan J.;Meshesha, Lidia Z.;Murphy, James G.
通讯作者：
Murphy, James G.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Gilroy, Shawn P.;Kaplan, Brent A.;Hantula, Donald A.
通讯作者：
Hantula, Donald A.