Inducing Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of Repetitive Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury.
Inducing Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of Repetitive Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury.
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DOI：
10.3791/60360
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发表时间：
2020-02-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robel S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shandra O;Robel S
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是获得性癫痫的主要原因。TBI可导致局灶性或弥漫性脑损伤。局灶性损伤是直接机械力的结果，有时穿透颅骨，在脑组织中产生直接损伤，并且在脑成像过程中作为具有挫伤、撕裂和出血的区域可见。局灶性病变诱导神经元死亡和神经胶质瘢痕形成，并且存在于所有遭受TBI的人的20-25%中。然而，在大多数TBI病例中，损伤是由加速-减速力和随后的组织剪切引起的，导致非局灶性、弥漫性损伤。TBI患者的亚群在数月或数年的潜伏期后继续发展创伤后癫痫（PTE）。目前，无法预测哪些患者会发生PTE，PTE患者的癫痫发作难以控制，需要进一步研究。直到最近，该领域仅限于两种经过验证的自发性创伤后癫痫发作的动物/啮齿动物模型，这两种模型都表现出大的局灶性病变，伴有皮质（有时是皮质下结构）的大量组织丢失。与这些方法相反，确定使用改良的体重下降模型诱导的弥漫性TBI足以引发自发性惊厥和非惊厥性癫痫发作的发展，即使在没有局灶性病变或组织损失的情况下。类似于患有获得性创伤后癫痫的人类患者，该模型在损伤后癫痫发作之前呈现潜伏期。在该方案中，将为社区提供一种新的创伤后癫痫模型，详细说明如何诱导弥漫性非病变性TBI，然后在几个月的时间内进行连续的长期视频脑电图动物监测。本方案将详细说明动物处理、减重程序、两个采集系统的电极放置以及手术、术后监测和数据采集的每个步骤中遇到的常见挑战。该系统性方案描述了一种新的创伤后癫痫的动物模型反复轻度创伤性脑损伤（TBI）。第一部分详细介绍了使用改进的重量下降模型进行TBI诱导的步骤。第二部分提供了单通道和多通道脑电图（EEG）数据采集系统的手术方法说明。
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy. TBI can result in a focal or diffuse brain injury. Focal injury is a result of direct mechanical forces, sometimes penetrating through the cranium, creating a direct lesion in the brain tissue and is visible during brain imaging as areas with contusion, laceration and hemorrhage. Focal lesions induce neuronal death and glial scar formation, and are present in 20–25% of all people who incurred a TBI. However, in the majority of TBI cases, injury is caused by acceleration-deceleration forces and subsequent tissue shearing, resulting in nonfocal, diffuse damage. A subpopulation of TBI patients continues to develop post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) after a latency period of months or years. Currently, it is impossible to predict which patients will develop PTE and seizures in PTE patients are challenging to control, necessitating further research. Until recently, the field was limited to only two animal/rodent models with validated spontaneous post-traumatic seizures, both presenting with large focal lesions with massive tissue loss in the cortex and sometimes subcortical structures. In contrast to these approaches, it was determined that diffuse TBI induced using a modified weight drop model is sufficient to initiate development of spontaneous convulsive and non-convulsive seizures, even in the absence of focal lesions or tissue loss. Similarly to human patients with acquired post-traumatic epilepsy, this model presents with a latency period after injury before seizure onset. In this protocol the community will be provided with a new model of post-traumatic epilepsy, detailing how to induce diffuse non-lesional TBI followed by continuous long-term video-electroencephalographic animal monitoring over the course of several months. This protocol will detail animal handling, weight-drop procedure, electrode placement for two acquisition systems and frequent challenges encountered during each of the steps of surgery, postoperative monitoring and data acquisition. This systematic protocol describes a new animal model of post-traumatic epilepsy after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The first part details steps for TBI induction using a modified weight-drop model. The second part provides instructions on the surgical approach for single- and multi-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) data acquisition systems.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Kharatishvili, I.;Nissinen, J. P.;Pitkanen, A.
通讯作者：
Pitkanen, A.
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-9068-9_16
发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
ASTROCYTES: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Shandra, Oleksii;Robel, Stefanie
通讯作者：
Robel, Stefanie
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
FODA, MAA;MARMAROU, A
通讯作者：
MARMAROU, A
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Abou-Abbass H;Bahmad H;Ghandour H;Fares J;Wazzi-Mkahal R;Yacoub B;Darwish H;Mondello S;Harati H;El Sayed MJ;Tamim H;Kobeissy F
通讯作者：
Kobeissy F
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
MARMAROU, A;FODA, MAA;DEMETRIADOU, K
通讯作者：
DEMETRIADOU, K