Pleasure systems in the brain.

Pleasure systems in the brain.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.018
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发表时间:
2015-05-06
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Kringelbach, Morten L.
Kringelbach, Morten L.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Berridge, Kent C.;Kringelbach, Morten L.

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快乐是由发达的中皮质边缘回路介导的,并具有适应性功能。在情感障碍中,快感缺失(缺乏快乐)或烦躁不安(负面情绪)可能是由于享乐系统的崩溃。人类神经成像研究表明,令人惊讶的是,不同的快乐会激活相似的回路,这表明所有人都有一种共同的神经货币。对奖励的渴望是由一个庞大的分布式大脑系统产生的。喜欢或快乐本身是由边缘电路内的一小部分享乐热点产生的。这些热点也可以嵌入到更广泛的原子价组织的解剖模式中,比如在欲望与恐惧的键盘模式中。相比之下,一些最著名的快乐发生器候选人,包括经典的快乐电极和中脑边缘多巴胺系统,可能根本不会产生快乐。这些对大脑愉悦机制的新见解最终可能有助于更好地治疗情感障碍。
Pleasure is mediated by well-developed mesocorticolimbic circuitry, and serves adaptive functions. In affective disorders anhedonia (lack of pleasure) or dysphoria (negative affect) can result from breakdowns of that hedonic system. Human neuroimaging studies indicate that surprisingly similar circuitry is activated by quite diverse pleasures, suggesting a common neural currency shared by all. Wanting for rewards is generated by a large and distributed brain system. Liking, or pleasure itself, is generated by a smaller set of hedonic hotspots within limbic circuitry. Those hotspots also can be embedded in broader anatomical patterns of valence organization, such as in a keyboard pattern of nucleus accumbens generators for desire versus dread. In contrast, some of the best known textbook candidates for pleasure generators, including classic pleasure electrodes and the mesolimbic dopamine system, may not generate pleasure after all. These emerging insights into brain pleasure mechanisms may eventually facilitate better treatments for affective disorders.
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