Pathogen invasion and non-epizootic dynamics in Pacific newts in California over the last century.
Pathogen invasion and non-epizootic dynamics in Pacific newts in California over the last century.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0197710
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Vredenburg VT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaukulkar S;Sulaeman H;Zink AG;Vredenburg VT
新出现的传染病对全球生物多样性构成日益严重的威胁。壶菌病是一种由真菌病原菌引起的传染性疾病，已导致数百种两栖动物的灭绝。在北美、中美和南美都有记载了严重的由BD引起的动物流行病，其中许多研究都集中在无尾类动物上。加州，在那里已经报道了与BD相关的动物流行病和两栖动物减少，有一些最高的蝾螈多样性。自加州首次已知的动物流行病发生以来，十多年过去了，人们对蝾螈中的Bd疾病动态知之甚少。太平洋蝾螈（属：Taricha）是理想的研究物种，因为它们的丰度，广泛的地理范围，在水生和陆生栖息地的发生，以及对这一群体的Bd感染动态知之甚少。我们进行了一项回顾性研究，以确定太平洋蝾螈和真菌病原体之间的关系。我们测试了1889-2009年间收集的1895个样本，直到20世纪40年代末才发现感染BD的太平洋蝾螈的证据。虽然我们估计，Bd出现在这个属，并迅速蔓延到整个加州的地理，我们没有发现动物流行动力学的证据。随着时间的推移，Bd感染率和强度（通常用于估计动态的两项指标）始终保持较低水平;这表明太平洋蝾螈可能不是高度易感的。此外，我们发现，在太平洋蝾螈的第一次Bd出现的时间早于Bd出现在其他加州蝾螈物种。此外，我们发现了一些环境和人为因素与Bd的流行，这可能有助于解释Bd疾病的动力学属Taricha。太平洋蝾螈可能是病原体入侵加州蝾螈的一个水库物种，但还需要进一步的研究。
Emerging infectious disease is a growing threat to global biodiversity. The infectious disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has led to the decline and extinction of hundreds of amphibian species. Severe Bd-caused epizootics have been documented in North, Central and South America—with many of the research focused on anurans. California, where Bd-related epizootics and amphibian declines have been reported, has some of the highest diversity of salamanders. After more than a decade since the first known epizootic in California, little is known about Bd disease dynamics in salamanders. Pacific newts (Genus: Taricha) are ideal study species because of their abundance, wide geographic range, occurrence in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats, and how little is known about Bd infection dynamics for this group. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the relationship between Pacific newts and the fungal pathogen. We tested 1895 specimens collected between 1889–2009 and found no evidence of Bd-infected Pacific newts until the late 1940’s. Although we estimate that Bd emerged in this genus and rapidly spread geographically throughout California, we did not find evidence for epizootic dynamics. Bd infection prevalence and intensity, two measures commonly used to estimate dynamics, remained consistently low over time; suggesting Pacific newts may not be highly susceptible. Also, we found the timing of first Bd emergence in Pacific newts predate Bd emergence in other California salamander species. In addition, we found several environmental and anthropogenic factors correlated with Bd prevalence which may help explain Bd disease dynamics in the genus Taricha. Pacific newts may be a reservoir species that signal pathogen invasion into California salamanders, though further studies are needed.
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影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Johnson, ML;Speare, R
通讯作者：
Speare, R
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Longcore, JE;Pessier, AP;Nichols, DK
通讯作者：
Nichols, DK
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
De Leon, Marina E.;Vredenburg, Vance T.;Piovia-Scott, Jonah
通讯作者：
Piovia-Scott, Jonah
影响因子：
0.8
作者：
BRADFORD, DF
通讯作者：
BRADFORD, DF
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0506889103
发表时间：
2006-02-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Lips, KR;Brem, F;Collins, JP
通讯作者：
Collins, JP