Indoor secondhand tobacco smoke emission levels in six Lebanese cities.
Indoor secondhand tobacco smoke emission levels in six Lebanese cities.
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2009.030460
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发表时间：
2010-04
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Connolly GN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saade G;Seidenberg AB;Rees VW;Otrock Z;Connolly GN
尽管《烟草控制框架公约》(FCTC)要求保护不吸烟者免受二手烟烟雾(SHS)的影响，但迄今为止，黎巴嫩未能颁布全面的清洁室内空气法。使黎巴嫩的SHS暴露问题复杂化的是烟草水管的广泛使用。虽然大多数关于SHS的研究都涉及吸烟作为排放源，但包括烟草水管在内的其他来源可能是一个重要的贡献者。在黎巴嫩六个主要城市的28个公共场所样本中测量了PM2.5浓度(μ克/立方米)。计算了吸水烟者和吸烟者的活跃吸烟者密度(吸烟者数量/100 m~3)。然后将场地归类为吸水烟者密度较高或吸烟者密度较高两组，并比较两组所产生的排放水平。有14个场所吸烟，只有12个场所吸烟，1个场所有水烟斗吸烟。在所有允许吸烟的场所中，PM2.5的平均浓度为342 μg/立方米。吸水烟者密度较高的场所(n=14)与吸烟者密度较高的场所(n=13；241 μg/m~3；p=0.159)相比，PM2.5浓度的中位数(349 μg/m~3)相似。实施自愿无烟政策的单一场馆的PM2.5平均浓度为6 μg/m~3。尽管2005年批准了《烟草控制框架公约》，但黎巴嫩各地封闭的公共场所普遍存在香烟和水烟，导致室内颗粒物污染达到不安全的水平。黎巴嫩需要无烟政策来保护公众健康，无烟政策应适用于所有形式的烟草吸烟。
To date, Lebanon has failed to enact comprehensive clean indoor air laws despite ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which calls for the protection of non-smokers from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS). Complicating the problem of SHS exposure in Lebanon is the widespread use of the tobacco water-pipe. While most research on SHS has involved cigarette smoking as a source of emissions, other sources, including tobacco water-pipes, may be an important contributor. PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) were measured in a sample of 28 public venues located in six major Lebanese cities. Active smoker density (number of smokers/100 m3) was calculated for both water-pipe and cigarette smokers. Venues were then categorised as having higher density of water-pipe smokers or higher density of cigarette smokers, and resultant emission levels were compared between the two groups. Cigarette and water-pipe smoking was observed in 14 venues, while cigarette smoking only and water-pipe smoking only were found in 12 venues and one venue, respectively. Among all smoking-permitted venues, the mean PM2.5 concentration was 342 μg/m3. Venues with a higher density of water-pipe smokers (n =14) showed a similar median PM2.5 concentration (349 μg/m3) compared with venues with a higher density of cigarette smokers (n =13; 241 μg/m3; p=0.159). The mean PM2.5 concentration in the single venue with a voluntary smoke-free policy was 6 μg/m3. Despite ratification of the FCTC in 2005, both cigarette and water-pipe smoking are commonly practised in enclosed public places throughout Lebanon, leading to unsafe levels of indoor particulate pollution. Smoke-free policies are needed in Lebanon to protect the public's health, and should apply to all forms of tobacco smoking.
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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4.7
作者：
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120.7
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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