Transcriptomic and genomic evidence for Streptococcus agalactiae adaptation to the bovine environment.
Transcriptomic and genomic evidence for Streptococcus agalactiae adaptation to the bovine environment.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-14-920
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发表时间：
2013-12-27
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Stanhope MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richards VP;Choi SC;Pavinski Bitar PD;Gurjar AA;Stanhope MJ
无乳链球菌是牛乳腺炎的主要原因，而乳腺炎是影响乳制品行业牛奶生产的主要健康疾病，并给全球乳制品行业带来巨大的经济损失。然而，有大量证据表明无乳链球菌内的宿主适应（生态型），牛和人类来源的分离株都显示出高度的独特性，表明引起乳腺炎的能力不同。在这里，我们（i）从三个无乳链球菌分离株（两个推定的牛适应和一个人类）生成RNAseq数据，并（ii）比较从六个宿主物种获得的另外202个分离株的公开可用的全基因组鸟枪序列数据，以阐明可能对无乳链球菌在牛乳腺中生长和存活很重要的遗传因素/适应。差异表达测试显示，三种分离株在牛奶中生长时具有不同的表达谱。这两种假定的牛适应分离株的一个关键发现是乳糖代谢操纵子 (Lac.2) 的上调，该操纵子与牛环境密切相关（GenBank 上所有 36 个牛源分离株都拥有该操纵子，而只有 8/151 个人源分离株）。使用来自 44 个无乳链球菌分离株和 16 个其他链球菌物种的保守操纵子基因对所有基因组序列进行多位点序列分型和系统发育分析，为通过多个横向基因转移事件获得操纵子提供了强有力的证据，所有已知是乳腺炎主要原因的链球菌物种都被确定为可能的供体。此外，乳糖发酵测试仅对具有 Lac.2 的分离株呈阳性。综合起来，这些发现表明乳糖代谢可能是牛对环境的重要适应。牛适应分离株的额外上调包括涉及铜稳态、嘌呤、嘧啶、甘油和葡萄糖代谢以及可能的氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药性的基因。我们检测到了几种可能对无乳链球菌适应牛环境很重要的遗传因素，特别是乳糖代谢。令人担忧的是假定的抗生素抗性基因（GCN5 相关的 N-乙酰转移酶）的上调，这可能反映了在这种环境下对氨基糖苷类抗生素使用的适应。
Streptococcus agalactiae is a major cause of bovine mastitis, which is the dominant health disorder affecting milk production within the dairy industry and is responsible for substantial financial losses to the industry worldwide. However, there is considerable evidence for host adaptation (ecotypes) within S. agalactiae, with both bovine and human sourced isolates showing a high degree of distinctiveness, suggesting differing ability to cause mastitis. Here, we (i) generate RNAseq data from three S. agalactiae isolates (two putative bovine adapted and one human) and (ii) compare publicly available whole genome shotgun sequence data from an additional 202 isolates, obtained from six host species, to elucidate possible genetic factors/adaptations likely important for S. agalactiae growth and survival in the bovine mammary gland. Tests for differential expression showed distinct expression profiles for the three isolates when grown in bovine milk. A key finding for the two putatively bovine adapted isolates was the up regulation of a lactose metabolism operon (Lac.2) that was strongly correlated with the bovine environment (all 36 bovine sourced isolates on GenBank possessed the operon, in contrast to only 8/151 human sourced isolates). Multi locus sequence typing of all genome sequences and phylogenetic analysis using conserved operon genes from 44 S. agalactiae isolates and 16 additional Streptococcus species provided strong evidence for acquisition of the operon via multiple lateral gene transfer events, with all Streptococcus species known to be major causes of mastitis, identified as possible donors. Furthermore, lactose fermentation tests were only positive for isolates possessing Lac.2. Combined, these findings suggest that lactose metabolism is likely an important adaptation to the bovine environment. Additional up regulation in the bovine adapted isolates included genes involved in copper homeostasis, metabolism of purine, pyrimidine, glycerol and glucose, and possibly aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance. We detected several genetic factors likely important in S. agalactiae’s adaptation to the bovine environment, in particular lactose metabolism. Of concern is the up regulation of a putative antibiotic resistance gene (GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase) that might reflect an adaptation to the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics within this environment.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Evans, Joyce J.;Bohnsack, John F.;Takahashi, Shinji
通讯作者：
Takahashi, Shinji
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Glaser, P;Rusniok, C;Kunst, F
通讯作者：
Kunst, F
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Bizzini, Alain;Zhao, Chen;Hartke, Axel
通讯作者：
Hartke, Axel
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y
DOI：
10.1007/s004380050641
发表时间：
1998-01-01
期刊：
MOLECULAR AND GENERAL GENETICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brown, GD;Thomson, JA
通讯作者：
Thomson, JA