Effectiveness and profitability of preventive veterinary interventions in controlling infectious diseases of ruminant livestock in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.
Effectiveness and profitability of preventive veterinary interventions in controlling infectious diseases of ruminant livestock in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12917-022-03428-9
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发表时间：
2022-09-02
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Bonfoh, Bassirou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nuvey, Francis Sena;Arkoazi, Jalil;Hattendorf, Jan;Mensah, Gloria Ivy;Addo, Kennedy Kwasi;Fink, Gunther;Zinsstag, Jakob;Bonfoh, Bassirou
关键词：
农业，特别是畜牧业，是撒哈拉以南非洲许多人的生计来源。在许多情况下，传染病得不到控制妨碍了畜牧业的生产，破坏了农村人口的生计。本次范围界定审查旨在确定先前评估的兽医干预措施及其在控制传染性牲畜疾病方面的相对有效性。论文必须用英语、德语或法语撰写，并描述在任何撒哈拉以南非洲国家预防性兽医干预措施对炭疽、黑胫病、牛结核病、布鲁氏菌病、牛传染性胸膜肺炎、山羊传染性胸膜肺炎、口蹄疫、山羊痘、狼疮性皮肤病、巴氏杆菌病、小反刍动物疫和/或绵羊痘的有效性和/或盈利性。在最初筛选的2748篇出版物中，84篇符合我们的纳入标准并进行了分析。大多数研究（n = 73，87%）评价了疫苗接种的有效性和/或盈利性，疫苗接种在降低牲畜疾病发病率和/或死亡率方面单独应用、与驱虫、抗菌治疗、监测、饲料补充、剔除和浸渍等策略联合应用或进行比较。在其他研究中评价了抗菌治疗（n = 5）、试验和屠宰（n = 5）以及专门使用非专业动物卫生工作者（n = 1）的有效性和/或盈利能力。疫苗接种在很大程度上被认为是有效的，并具有积极的投资回报。疫苗接种无效主要是由于在不利的田间条件下，如不利的天气事件、冷链故障以及流行病原体菌株与使用中的疫苗不匹配，导致疫苗效力丧失。总之，疫苗接种是控制撒哈拉以南非洲地区传染性牲畜疾病的最有效和最有利可图的手段。然而，为了实现对这些疾病的有效控制，其实施必须结合病原体监测和最佳疫苗输送工具，以克服报告的实地挑战。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s12917-022-03428-9获得。
Agriculture in general, and livestock production in particular, serve as a livelihood source for many people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In many settings, lack of control of infectious diseases hampers livestock productivity, undermining the livelihood of rural populations. This scoping review sought to identify veterinary interventions previously evaluated as well as their relative effectiveness in controlling infectious livestock diseases. To be included, papers had to be written in English, German or French, and had to describe the effectiveness and/or profitability of preventive veterinary intervention(s) against anthrax, blackleg, bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, foot-and-mouth disease, goat pox, lumpy skin disease, pasteurellosis, peste des petits ruminants, and/or sheep pox in any SSA country. Of the 2748 publications initially screened, 84 met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Most of the studies (n = 73, 87%) evaluated the effectiveness and/or profitability of vaccination, applied exclusively, applied jointly with, or compared to strategies like deworming, antimicrobial treatment, surveillance, feed supplementation, culling and dipping in reducing morbidity and/or mortality to livestock diseases. The effectiveness and/or profitability of antimicrobial treatment (n = 5), test and slaughter (n = 5), and use of lay animal health workers (n = 1) applied exclusively, were evaluated in the other studies. Vaccination was largely found to be both effective and with positive return on investment. Ineffective vaccination was mainly due to loss of vaccine potency under unfavorable field conditions like adverse weather events, cold chain failure, and mismatch of circulating pathogen strain and the vaccines in use. In summary, vaccination is the most effective and profitable means of controlling infectious livestock diseases in SSA. However, to achieve effective control of these diseases, its implementation must integrate pathogen surveillance, and optimal vaccine delivery tools, to overcome the reported field challenges. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03428-9.
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