Integrating Exposure Assessment and Process Hazard Analysis: The Nano-Enabled 3D Printing Filament Extrusion Case.
Integrating Exposure Assessment and Process Hazard Analysis: The Nano-Enabled 3D Printing Filament Extrusion Case.
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DOI：
10.3390/polym15132836
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发表时间：
2023-06-27
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Koumoulos EP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saliakas S;Damilos S;Karamitrou M;Trompeta AF;Milickovic TK;Charitidis C;Koumoulos EP
纳米颗粒正被用于热塑性塑料工业的新应用，包括汽车零部件、体育产业以及休闲和消费品，这些产品现在可以通过添加剂制造来生产。然而，在这些新材料的生产过程中，关于健康和安全方面的信息有限，主要来自回收来源。这项研究涵盖了在3D打印长丝生产过程中，通过使用回收(工业后)热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)和回收聚酰胺12(PA12)的复合和挤出中试线，纳米复合材料排放的纳米和微米颗粒的暴露评估，这些颗粒也通过使用纳米氧化铁(Fe3O4 NPs)进行了升级，引入了感应加热引发的基质愈合性能。评估方案包括将挤出机视为主要排放源的近场和远场测量，以及用于评估到达实验室工作人员可吸入区域的颗粒物排放的便携式测量设备。定义了挤压生产线的故障模式和影响分析(FMEA)研究以及故障树分析(FTA)过程，在FTA过程中记录了过程偏差、它们的来源以及它们之间的关系。FTA允许确定应并行(同时)或串联发生的事件，以使故障模式发生，并提出相应的纠正措施(现有控制措施之外的)。
Nanoparticles are being used in novel applications of the thermoplastics industry, including automotive parts, the sports industry and leisure and consumer goods, which can be produced nowadays through additive manufacturing. However, there is limited information on the health and safety aspects during the production of these new materials, mainly from recycled sources. This study covers the exposure assessment to nano- and micro-size particles emitted from the nanocomposites during the production of filaments for 3D printing through a compounding and extrusion pilot line using recycled (post-industrial) thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and recycled polyamide 12 (PA12), which have been also upcycled through reinforcement with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs), introducing matrix healing properties triggered by induction heating. The assessment protocol included near- and far-field measurements, considering the extruder as the primary emission source, and portable measuring devices for evaluating particulate emissions reaching the inhalable zone of the lab workers. A Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) study for the extrusion process line was defined along with a Failure Tree Analysis (FTA) process in which the process deviations, their sources and the relations between them were documented. FTA allowed the identification of events that should take place in parallel (simultaneously) or in series for the failure modes to take place and the respective corrective actions to be proposed (additional to the existing control measures).
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DOI：
10.3390/ma14216351
发表时间：
2021-10-24
期刊：
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ciardiello R
通讯作者：
Ciardiello R
DOI：
10.1080/15287394.2019.1663458
发表时间：
2019-09-25
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Petretta, Mauro;Desando, Giovanna;Roseti, Livia
通讯作者：
Roseti, Livia
影响因子：
10
作者：
Braakhuis HM;Park MV;Gosens I;De Jong WH;Cassee FR
通讯作者：
Cassee FR
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Kanidi, Maria;Loura, Niki;Charitidis, Costas
通讯作者：
Charitidis, Costas
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Davis, Aika Y.;Zhang, Qian;Black, Marilyn S.
通讯作者：
Black, Marilyn S.