Physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials that affect pulmonary inflammation.
Physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials that affect pulmonary inflammation.
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DOI：
10.1186/1743-8977-11-18
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发表时间：
2014-04-11
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
Cassee FR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braakhuis HM;Park MV;Gosens I;De Jong WH;Cassee FR
越来越多的基于纳米技术的产品的制造和使用引起了工人和消费者的担忧。各种研究报告称，吸入纳米颗粒后会诱发肺部炎症，这些炎症在大小、形状、电荷、结晶度、化学成分和溶出度等方面可能会有所不同。这些方面中的每一个都会影响它们的毒性，尽管在多大程度上还不清楚。目前审查的目的是分析已发表的有关吸入纳米颗粒的数据，以确定和评估其物理化学特性对肺部炎症发生和发展的贡献。纳米颗粒的许多物理化学特性会影响它们的肺沉积、清除和肺反应，这些因素结合在一起，最终决定是否会发生肺部炎症以及炎症的程度。肺沉积主要取决于气溶胶的物理性质(大小、密度、形状、吸湿性)与气流和呼吸系统的解剖结构有关，而纳米颗粒的清除和移位主要取决于它们的几何形状和表面特征。吸入后，除了大小和化学成分外，其他理化特性也会影响肺部炎症的诱发。当一些纳米颗粒溶解时，它们会释放出有毒离子，可能会损害肺组织，使溶解速度成为影响肺部炎症的重要特征。与化学成分相同的球形纳米颗粒相比，纤维状材料对肺部的毒性更大。一般来说，阳离子纳米颗粒比中性或阴离子纳米颗粒具有更强的细胞毒性。最后，表面反应与观察到的肺部炎症有很好的相关性。由于所有这些特征都影响导致肺部炎症的事件的不同阶段，因此无法确定统一的剂量度量来描述所有纳米材料的肺部炎症，尽管表面反应可能是一个有用的衡量标准。为了确定不同特征对肺部炎症诱导的影响程度，应系统地评估这些特征对肺沉积、清除和肺反应的影响。然后，通过根据纳米颗粒的特征对其进行分类，结果可以用于促进风险评估。
The increasing manufacture and use of products based on nanotechnology raises concerns for both workers and consumers. Various studies report induction of pulmonary inflammation after inhalation exposure to nanoparticles, which can vary in aspects such as size, shape, charge, crystallinity, chemical composition, and dissolution rate. Each of these aspects can affect their toxicity, although it is largely unknown to what extent. The aim of the current review is to analyse published data on inhalation of nanoparticles to identify and evaluate the contribution of their physicochemical characteristics to the onset and development of pulmonary inflammation. Many physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles affect their lung deposition, clearance, and pulmonary response that, in combination, ultimately determine whether pulmonary inflammation will occur and to what extent. Lung deposition is mainly determined by the physical properties of the aerosol (size, density, shape, hygroscopicity) in relation to airflow and the anatomy of the respiratory system, whereas clearance and translocation of nanoparticles are mainly determined by their geometry and surface characteristics. Besides size and chemical composition, other physicochemical characteristics influence the induction of pulmonary inflammation after inhalation. As some nanoparticles dissolve, they can release toxic ions that can damage the lung tissue, making dissolution rate an important characteristic that affects lung inflammation. Fibre-shaped materials are more toxic to the lungs compared to spherical shaped nanoparticles of the same chemical composition. In general, cationic nanoparticles are more cytotoxic than neutral or anionic nanoparticles. Finally, surface reactivity correlates well with observed pulmonary inflammation. With all these characteristics affecting different stages of the events leading to pulmonary inflammation, no unifying dose metric could be identified to describe pulmonary inflammation for all nanomaterials, although surface reactivity might be a useful measure. To determine the extent to which the various characteristics influence the induction of pulmonary inflammation, the effect of these characteristics on lung deposition, clearance, and pulmonary response should be systematically evaluated. The results can then be used to facilitate risk assessment by categorizing nanoparticles according to their characteristics.
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影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Asati A;Santra S;Kaittanis C;Perez JM
通讯作者：
Perez JM
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Cassee, FR;Muijser, H;Arts, JHE
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0.5
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
46.9
作者：
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