Research capacity development in South African manganese mines to bridge exposure and neuropathologic outcomes.
Research capacity development in South African manganese mines to bridge exposure and neuropathologic outcomes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuro.2012.01.003
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发表时间：
2012-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Racette BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nelson G;Criswell SR;Zhang J;Murray J;Racette BA
锰（Mn）是世界范围内常见的职业暴露。最近的研究表明，临床和成像证据表明，长期接触的工人神经毒性。这些发现的病理意义尚不清楚。南非北开普省沙漠地区的锰矿产量占世界锰产量的80%以上。南非国家职业健康研究所（NIOH）的一项尸检计划为近100年来与采矿有关的肺部疾病的家庭提供了补偿。在此基础上，我们实施了一项脑尸检计划，以调查从南非锰矿工和非暴露的参考矿工获得大脑的可行性，以调查慢性锰暴露的神经病理学后果。我们聘请了一名经验丰富的职业健康护士，在锰矿100平方公里范围内确定了死亡矿工。当地执业医师、职业健康和矿山医生以及社区成员将任何Mn（病例）或其他（参考）矿工或前矿工死亡情况通知护士，并与家属联系，征求同意，除心肺器官外，还切除大脑。在约翰内斯堡的NIOH进行尸检的遇难矿工的家属也被接触。为了确认锰矿工暴露，平均苍白球指数进行了比较锰矿工和非暴露的参考矿工。确定了68名潜在的脑捐赠者;我们获得了家属的同意，删除了51名（75%）。平均尸检间隔为7天。采用优化的固定方法，用于大体和常规显微镜检查的脑组织质量极佳。离体MRI显示锰矿工与参考矿工相比苍白球指数增加。我们的结论是，从南非已故矿工中获得脑组织是非常成功的，只有在当地的基础设施适度的投资。组织质量是优秀的，应该是理想的调查慢性职业锰暴露的神经病理后果。
Manganese (Mn) is a common occupational exposure worldwide. Recent studies indicate clinical and imaging evidence of neurotoxicity in chronically exposed workers. The pathologic significance of these findings is unclear. South Africa produces over 80% of the world’s Mn from mines from a desert region in the Northern Cape Province. An autopsy program at the National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOH) in South Africa has provided compensation to families for mining-related lung diseases for almost 100 years. Building on this, we implemented a brain autopsy program to investigate the feasibility of obtaining brains from South African Mn miners and non-exposed reference miners to investigate neuropathologic consequences of chronic Mn exposure. Employing an experienced occupational health nurse, we identified deceased miners within 100 square km of the Mn mines. The nurse was notified of any Mn (case) or other (reference) miner or ex-miner death by local medical practitioners, occupational health and mine physicians, and community members, and families were approached for consent to remove the brains in addition to the cardio-respiratory organs. Families of deceased miners who had an autopsy at the NIOH in Johannesburg were also approached. To confirm exposure in Mn miners, mean pallidal indices were compared between Mn miners and non-exposed reference miners. Sixty-eight potential brain donors were identified; we obtained consent from the families to remove 51 (75%). The mean autopsy interval was seven days. With optimized fixation methods, the tissue quality of the brains for gross and regular microscopic examination was excellent. Ex-vivo MRI demonstrated increased pallidal index in Mn miners compared to reference miners. We conclude that obtaining brain tissue from deceased miners in South Africa is highly successful with only a modest investment in local infrastructure. Tissue quality was excellent and should be ideal to investigate the neuropathologic consequences of chronic occupational Mn exposure.
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影响因子：
9.9
作者：
PUJOL, A;PUJOL, J;TOLOSA, E
通讯作者：
TOLOSA, E
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Dietz, MC;Ihrig, A;Triebig, G
通讯作者：
Triebig, G
DOI：
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1934.02250090036003
发表时间：
1934-09-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
Canavan, MM;Cobb, S;Drinker, CK
通讯作者：
Drinker, CK
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
YAMADA, M;OHNO, S;TSUKAGOSHI, H
通讯作者：
TSUKAGOSHI, H
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Golub, MS;Hogrefe, CE;Lonnerdal, B
通讯作者：
Lonnerdal, B