Eyeless cave-dwelling Leptonetela spiders still rely on light.
Eyeless cave-dwelling Leptonetela spiders still rely on light.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.adj0348
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发表时间：
2023-12-22
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Liu, Jie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Kai;Wang, Jinhui;Liang, Bing;Chang, Jian;Zhu, Yang;Chen, Jian;Agnarsson, Ingi;Li, Daiqin;Peng, Yu;Liu, Jie
生活在永久黑暗中的地下动物可以保持光反应。然而，眼睛丧失和维持光反应之间冲突背后的进化过程在很大程度上仍然未知。我们使用Leptonetela蜘蛛调查的驱动力背后的维护洞穴居住的蜘蛛的光反应。我们的行为实验表明，所有的无眼/减少眼睛洞穴居住的物种保留了耐旱反应，他们大大降低了生存在洞口，由于弱抗旱性。转录组学分析表明，几乎所有的光转导途径基因的存在，所有测试的光转导途径基因进行强有力的功能限制在穴居物种。我们的研究结果表明，洞穴居住的无眼蜘蛛仍然使用光，光探测可能在避免洞穴入口栖息地中发挥作用。这项研究证实，一些没有眼睛的地下动物保留了他们的光敏性，由于自然选择，并提供了一个长期的进化过程中表型和基因型或生理功能之间的不匹配的情况。行为学和分子生物学证据表明，无眼洞穴蜘蛛Leptonetela能够感知光，并且仍然需要光。
Subterranean animals living in perpetual darkness may maintain photoresponse. However, the evolutionary processes behind the conflict between eye loss and maintenance of the photoresponse remain largely unknown. We used Leptonetela spiders to investigate the driving forces behind the maintenance of the photoresponse in cave-dwelling spiders. Our behavioral experiments showed that all eyeless/reduced-eyed cave-dwelling species retained photophobic response and that they had substantially decreased survival at cave entrances due to weak drought resistance. The transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that nearly all phototransduction pathway genes were present and that all tested phototransduction pathway genes were subjected to strong functional constraints in cave-dwelling species. Our results suggest that cave-dwelling eyeless spiders still use light and that light detection likely plays a role in avoiding the cave entrance habitat. This study confirms that some eyeless subterranean animals have retained their photosensitivity due to natural selection and provides a case of mismatch between phenotype and genotype or physiological function in a long-term evolutionary process. Behavioral and molecular evidences reveal that eyeless cave-dwelling Leptonetela spiders could detect light and still need light.
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