If-Then Planning Helps School-Aged Children to Ignore Attractive Distractions

If-Then Planning Helps School-Aged Children to Ignore Attractive Distractions
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如果-那么计划可以帮助学龄儿童忽略有吸引力的干扰

DOI:
10.1027/1864-9335/a000041
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Gollwitzer
Gollwitzer
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wieber;Suchodoletz;Heikamp;Trommsdorff;Gollwitzer

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孩子们能否通过“如果-那么”计划(即形成实施意图)来提高屏蔽正在进行的任务的能力?在一项实验研究中,情境和个人限制的行动控制的分心抑制实施意图(“如果分心来了,那么我会忽略它!”)通过将它们与简单的目标意图(“我会忽略分心!”)进行比较来进行测试。目标意图足以成功地忽略低吸引力的干扰。在存在中度和高度有吸引力的干扰,以及分心提出了孩子的视线之外,但是,只有实施意图改善儿童的任务屏蔽,所示的更快的响应时间在一个正在进行的分类任务和更短的时间内看高度有吸引力的干扰提出了他们的视野。无论孩子们的气质和语言能力如何,这些发现都是正确的。对自我控制的规划和发展研究的影响进行了讨论。
Can children improve shielding an ongoing task from distractions by if-then planning (ie, by forming implementation intentions)? In an experimental study, the situational and personal limits of action control by distraction-inhibiting implementation intentions (“If a distraction comes up, then I will ignore it!”) were tested by comparing them to simple goal intentions (“I will ignore distractions!”). Goal intentions were sufficient to successfully ignore distractions of low attractiveness. In the presence of moderately and highly attractive distractions, as well as a distraction presented out of the children’s sight, however, only implementation intentions improved children’s task shielding, as indicated by faster response times in an ongoing categorization task and shorter periods of looking at highly attractive distractions presented out of their field of vision. These findings held true regardless of the children’s temperament and language competency. Implications for research on planning and developmental research on self-control are discussed.
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