Echolocation behaviour of Megaderma lyra during typical orientation situations and while hunting aerial prey: a field study

Echolocation behaviour of Megaderma lyra during typical orientation situations and while hunting aerial prey: a field study
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天琴座巨皮霉在典型定向情况下和狩猎空中猎物时的回声定位行为:实地研究

DOI:
10.1007/s00359-010-0552-2
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
Journal of Comparative Physiology A
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Grunwald
Grunwald
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schmidt;Grunwald

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蝙蝠会改变它们叫声的结构和发射模式,以应对给定回声定位情况下的功能限制。因此,声纳呼叫使用的灵活性影响了一个物种潜在的生态位使用。本论文讨论了在典型的定向情况下,当从白天的栖息地出来和重新进入时,在巡航飞行和穿过植被时,以及在追捕被系住的飞行昆虫时,具有短的宽带多谐基本呼叫的物种的呼叫使用。虽然呼叫持续时间和发射率适应于四种定向情况,但这些情况下的呼叫频谱组成相似,只是蝙蝠在返回栖息地时发出的呼叫含有更多的谐波。这些适度的调用修改可以通过观察m。即使在开放的栖息地,lyraa也与景观元素保持密切联系。AlthoughM。Lyrais是一种典型的拾集者,所有被测试的蝙蝠都在声呐的引导下接近飞虫,声呐的持续时间和脉冲间隔显著缩短,扫描速度加快。在捕获之前,从一个呼叫到另一个呼叫的峰值频率降低。对飞虫的自发接近和系统的呼叫模式变化表明该物种有规律的空中狩猎。
Bats modify the structure and emission pattern of their calls to cope with the functional constraints of a given echolocation situation. As a consequence, the flexibility in sonar call use affects the potential niche use of a species. The present paper addresses call use inMegaderma lyra, a species with a short, broadband multiharmonic basic call, in typical orientation situations, when emerging from and re-entering a day roost, in cruising flight and when passing through vegetation, and during the pursuit of tethered, flying insects. While call duration and emission rate were adapted to the four orientation situations, call spectral composition was similar in these situations, except that bats emitted calls containing more harmonics when re-entering the roost. These moderate call modifications may be accounted for by the observation thatM. lyrastayed close to landscape elements even in open habitats. AlthoughM. lyrais a typical gleaner, all tested bats approached flying insects, guided by sonar calls of significantly decreasing duration and pulse interval, and of increasing sweep rate. Before capture, peak frequency was lowered from call to call. The spontaneous approaches towards flying insects with systematic changes in call pattern suggest regular aerial hunting in this species.
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