Natural language metaphors covertly influence reasoning.
Natural language metaphors covertly influence reasoning.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0052961
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Boroditsky L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thibodeau PH;Boroditsky L
隐喻充斥在气候变化、经济和犯罪等社会问题的讨论中。我们问自然语言隐喻如何塑造人们对这些社会问题的推理方式。在以前的工作中，我们表明，将犯罪比喻为野兽或病毒，会导致人们对城市的犯罪问题产生不同的解决方案。在目前的一系列研究中，我们没有要求人们自己想出一个解决方案，而是为他们提供了一系列可能的解决方案，并要求他们选择最好的解决方案。我们发现，隐喻影响人们的推理，即使他们有一组选项可供比较和选择。这些发现表明，隐喻不仅可以影响人们首先想到的解决方案，还可以影响人们认为哪个解决方案是最好的，即使有机会明确比较替代方案。此外，我们测试了参与者是否意识到了隐喻。我们发现，很少有参与者认为隐喻在他们的决定中发挥了重要作用。此外，没有外显记忆的参与者与能够记住隐喻框架的参与者一样受到隐喻的影响。这些发现表明，隐喻可以在推理中起隐蔽的作用。最后，我们研究了政治派别对犯罪推理的作用。结果证实了我们之前的发现，即共和党人更有可能为处理犯罪问题制定执法和惩罚方案，并且比民主党人或独立人士更不受隐喻的影响。
Metaphors pervade discussions of social issues like climate change, the economy, and crime. We ask how natural language metaphors shape the way people reason about such social issues. In previous work, we showed that describing crime metaphorically as a beast or a virus, led people to generate different solutions to a city’s crime problem. In the current series of studies, instead of asking people to generate a solution on their own, we provided them with a selection of possible solutions and asked them to choose the best ones. We found that metaphors influenced people’s reasoning even when they had a set of options available to compare and select among. These findings suggest that metaphors can influence not just what solution comes to mind first, but also which solution people think is best, even when given the opportunity to explicitly compare alternatives. Further, we tested whether participants were aware of the metaphor. We found that very few participants thought the metaphor played an important part in their decision. Further, participants who had no explicit memory of the metaphor were just as much affected by the metaphor as participants who were able to remember the metaphorical frame. These findings suggest that metaphors can act covertly in reasoning. Finally, we examined the role of political affiliation on reasoning about crime. The results confirm our previous findings that Republicans are more likely to generate enforcement and punishment solutions for dealing with crime, and are less swayed by metaphor than are Democrats or Independents.
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影响因子：
8.2
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